АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК
Учебно-методическое пособие
для студентов-заочников
теплоэнергетического факультета
Санкт-Петербург
2007
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Выполнены следующие варианты контрольных работ:
Вариант 1 - К.р. 1, 2, 3, 4 Вариант 2 - К.р. 1 и 2 Вариант 3 - К.р. 1, 2, 4 Вариант 4 - К.р. 1, 2, 3, 4 Вариант 5 - К.р. 1 и 2
Вариант 01
Контрольная работа 1
Упражнение 1.
Перепишите предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова с окончанием "-s" и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно
1) показателем 3 лица единственного числа глагола в Present Simple,
2) показателем множ. числа существительного,
3) показателем притяжательного падежа существительного.
Предложения переведите.
1. Polzunov\'s engine was working from August to November 1766.
2. Polzunov did not see the results of his work.
3. Polzunov had no qualified assistants.
Упражнение 2.
Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода определений, выраженных существительными (цепочка слов) и стоящих перед определяемым существительным (левое определение).
1. Natural gas is used for steam generation in gas producing area.
2. These areas are served by natural gas transmission lines.
Упражнение 3.
Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода степеней сравнения прилагательных и наречий.
1. The thermonuclear reactors absorb more energy than they generate.
2. The more satisfactory ignition may be ensured, the better.
Упражнение 4.
Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода отрицательных и неопределенных местоимений.
1. At any temperature the heat absorbed when a liquid evaporates equals the heat evolved when a gas condenses to a liquid.
2. Some drop in insulation resistance may often be explained, for example, by damp weather.
Упражнение 5.
Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода слов it, one(one\'s), that, these, those в разных значениях.
1. It is copper which is one of the most widely used conductors.
2. The cyclone furnace is adjunct to the boiler circutation system. It is attached to the steam generating unit.
3. At the summer he solved his own problem and that of his friend.
Упражнение 6.
Перепишите предложения. Определите в них залог, временные формы глаголов, укажите их инфинитив, предложения переведите.
1. Weather sputniks are equipped with sun-powered batteries and various accurate instruments.
2.The air heater usually cooled the product of combustion to an exit temperature.
3. The furnace walls will be composed of tubes which will also be connected to the boiler drum.
Упражнение 7.
Перепишите предложения. Переведите их, обращая внимания на оборот there is(are).
1. If the source of the cooling water is a lake or a river, there is no need for water conservation.
2. There are 4 rows of boiler tubes between the superheater and economizer.
Упражнение 8.
Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.
The use of solar energy.
1. One of the uses of solar energy is its transformation into electric energy. Photoelectric converters operate not only aboard space vehicles. They are used to supply hard-to-reach sites, for instance, light-houses, communication facilities, etc. Such installations can operate continuously for 20 years, and their capacity is up to 500 watts. They are reliable and do not need constantly handling by personal.
2. At present, mainly semiconductor silicon is used for the manufacture of photocells. Now the researches have designed photocells on the basis of linking two materials in a single crystall-gallium arsenide and aluminum arsenide. They are most promising for the transformation of preliminary concentrated light since they continue to operate efficiently at temperature of over 2000C. Using heat that is released in photocells one can raise the efficiency up to 30%. Their use in solar power station will greatly cut the cost of the photoelectric method of energy transfomation.
Упражнение 9.
Из второго абзаца выпишите прилагательное в одной из степеней сравнения. Укажите три степени сравнения данного прилагательного и переведите его.
Упражнение 10.
Прочитайте второй абзац текста. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер, содержащий наиболее точный ответ на поставленный вопрос.
How were the photocells transformed recently?
1) The new photocells can transform the preliminary concentrated light.
2) The new photocells are manufactured on the basis of linking two materials in one crystal.
3) The new photocells reduced the cost of the photoelectric method of energy transformation.
Контрольная работа 2
Упражнение 1.
Перепишите предложения, определите в них залог и временные формы глагола. Укажите их инфинитивы. Предложения переведите.
1. The greatest difficulty to the practical use of solar power: the production of energy when the sun is not shining will be overcome.
2. The gas turbine is being used in such application as electric power generation.
3. The turbine efficiency is adversely affected by a decrease in the pressure drop through the turbine.
Упражнение 2.
Перепешите предложения. Подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Предложения переведите.
1. Steam turbines may be broadly grouped into three types in accordance with the conditions of operation on the steam on the rotor blades.
2. It should be noted that the superheaters and reheaters occupy a major part of the total volume of the installation.
3. The length of the turbine is to be reduced.
Упражнение 3.
Перепешите предложения. Подчеркните в них причастия и определите их функцию. Предложения переведите.
1. All the work done by the turbine comes from the energy in the steam flowing through the turbine.
2. The steam impinges on the wheel blades causing the wheel to rotate.
Упражнение 4.
Перепешите предложения. Подчеркните в них герундий и определите его функцию. Предложения переведите.
1. When condensing the steam gives up heat to the water.
2.The method for sorting and transporting flue gases becomes criticized.
Упражнение 5.
Перепешите и письменно переведите текст.
1. The steam generating unit consists of a furnace, a boiler, superheater, economizer and an air heater. The fuel is burned in a furnace. The boiler is composed of a drum. The water level in the drum is mentioned at about mid-point, which permits separation of the steam from water. There is a bank of inclined tubes which are connected to the drum and permit water to circulate from the drum through the tubes and back to the drum. The hot products of combustion from the furnace flow across the boiler tubes which are also connected to the boiler drum and form very effective steam generating surface.
2. The steam which is separated from the water in the boiler drum then flows through a superheater. The superheater is a coil of tubes surrounded by the hot products of combustion. The temperature of the steam is increased in the superheater and the superheated steam flows through a piping to the turbine.
Упражнение 6.
Выпишите из второго абзаца Past Participle (Participle II), укажите его функции и переведите.
Упражнение 7.
Прочитайте первый абзац и ответьте на вопрос:
How is the steam separated from the water in the boiler?
Контрольная работа 3
Упражнение 1.
Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните инфинитив и укажите его функцию. Предложения переведите.
1. To recover waste energy two major types of hardware are required: combustion equipment and heat transfer equipment.
2. Parameters to be measured in a control experiment include density and temperature of the fuel.
Упражнение 2.
Перепишите предложения. Переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода сложного подлежащего и сложного дополнения. Подчеркните указанные конструкции.
1. Lighting proved to be a discharge of electricity.
2. We may expect a short circuit to result from wire fault.
Упражнение 3.
Перепешите предложения. Подчеркните независимый причастный оборот. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на особенности перевода указанной конструкции.
1. Noncondensable gases being highly corrosive, their removal in the condenser is important.
2. When some impellers are mounted on the same shaft and act in series, the pump is called a multistage pump, the number of stages corresponding to the number of impellers.
Упражнение 4.
Перепишите и преведите предложения, обращая внимание на разные типы условных предложений.
1. Unless the devices are improved, it will be impossible to carry out the test.
2. In case you had used this valve, the direction of the flood would have been changed.
Упражнение 5.
Перепишите и преведите текст.
1. The gaseous products of combustion leaving the boiler tubes are at relatively high temperature. If they were discharged to the chimney, it would result in a large loss of energy. To recover a part of the energy an economizer may be used. The economizer is a bank of tubes through which the feedway is pumped to the boiler drum.
2. A reduction in gas temperature may be made by passing the products of combustion through an air heater. The air heater represents a heat exchanger which is cooled by the air required for combustion. This air is supplied to the air heater at normal room temperature and may leave the air heater at 4000 to 6000F. This energy is returned to the furnace.
3. The products of combustion are usually cooled in the air heater to an exit temperature of 2500, to 4000F. From the air heater the products of combustion pass through a dust collector which will remove all the dust, then through the fan to the chimney.
Упражнение 6.
Выпишите из 1 абзаца условное предложение. Укажите его тип и переведите.
Упражнение 7.
Прочитайте 3 абзац. Укажите этапы пути продуктов сгорания, описанные в данном абзаце текста.
Контрольная работа 4
Упражнение 1.
Перепишите предложения. Переведите их, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение. Подчеркните придаточное предложение.
1. The type of turbine we have just described is very effective.
2. Experiments show all gases expand when heated.
Упражнение 2.
Перепишите предложения и переведите их. Подчеркните глаголы "to have" и "to be" и определите их функцию в предложении.
1. They have to use this new method in their research work.
2. These engineers are looking for new methods in cooling materials.
3. The aim of many early experiments was the production of light sources small enough to be used in the home.
Упражнение 3.
Перепишите предложения и переведите их. Укажите различные грамматические функции глаголов "should" и "would"
1. It should be noted that the hot end of the superheater is next to the furnace.
2. Provided the steam was condensed and the water was removed by pump, a partial vacuum would be formed in the exhaust chamber of the turbine.
3. If the pressure in the furnace were to high, there would be air leakage to the furnace with a corresponding reduction in the furnace temperature.
Упражнение 4.
Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на различные значения выделенных слов.
1. The pressure of the air decreases slightly between the compressor discharge and turbine inlet because of friction.
2. This boiler is an externally fired one because it is provided with a brick furnace which is external to the boiler itself.
3. As to electric generator, it is driven by the hot gas which expands in the turbine.
Упражнение 5.
Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.
1. The boiler is an external combustion device: the combustion takes place outside the region of boiling water. All heat must be transferred through the heating surface to reach the water. The furnace of the boiler may be internally fired if the furnace region is completely surrounded by the water-cooled surface. The furnace of the boiler may be externally fired if the furnace is auxiliary to the boiler or built under the boiler.
2. During the evolution of the boiler as a heat producer, many new shapes and designs have appeared. Some of them became popular, for example, straight tube and bent tube units. The bent tube boiler offers many advantages over the straight tube boiler including the following: 1) greater economies in fabrication and operation because of the use of welding, improved steels, waterfall construction and new manufacturing techniques; 2) greater accessibility for inspection, cleaning and maintenance; 3) ability to operate at higher steaming rates and deliver dryer steam.
Упражнение 6.
Выпишите из 1 абзаца глагол "to be" в функции смыслового глагола и вспомогательного. Переведите его.
Упражнение 7.
Перечитайте 2-й абзац текста и ответьте на вопрос.
What are the advantages of the bent rube boiler over the straight tube boiler?
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