Министерство образования и науки Российской Федерации Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования Санкт-Петербургский государственный технологический университет растительных полимеров В.В.Кириллова, Т.В.Лиоренцевич, Г.И.Найданова, А.М.Знаменская Английский язык Учебно-методическое пособие для студентов заочного факультета Санкт-Петербург 2013
Стоимость выполнения контрольной работы по английскому языку на заказ ... руб. Готовы следующие варианты:
К.р.1 Вариант 1
Контрольная работа 1 Вариант 1 Упражнение №1. Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным (цепочка существительных) и стоящих перед существительным (левое определение). 1. This communication program serves for connecting to outside information over phone lines. 2. Years of research went into developing the prototype of today’s popular graphical user interfaces. Упражнение №2. Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык разных степеней прилагательных и наречий. 1. One of the examples of a simpler, less expensive secondary memory medium is the audio tape cassette. 2. The harder the instruction word, the more power is implemented. 3. In all types of computer systems, from the smallest dedicated microprocessor system to the largest full size computer, memory plays a very essential part. Упражнение №3. Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык слов it, one, (one's), that, these, those в разных значениях. 1. It is useful to have a system that has enough memory to accommodate the largest application program. 2. When an instruction is completed the PC selects another one. 3. It was the invention of the computer that revolutionized the thinking process. Упражнение №4. Перепишите предложения, определите в них залог и временные формы глаголов, укажите их инфинитив, переведите предложения. 1. It was reported, that this group of engineers had obtained all the necessary information for their work. 2. In the following decades various industries will develop systems of electronic data interchange. 3. The operators supervise the state of the machine tools. Упражнение №5. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на различные грамматические значения и функции глаголов should и would. 1. For a digital computer information has to be in the form of digits or numbers. 2. Any information may be represented by the binary system including two digits: one (1) and zero (0). 3. One should know the difference between the digital and analog computers. 4. Could we improve the control system, the problem would be solved. 5. Provided we used this new method we should obtain better results. Упражнение №6. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст. THE FUTURE OF CYBERSPACE 1. In the last thirty years, the Internet has grown dramatically. In 1983, only 200 computers were connected to the Internet; now there are millions and this growth is going to continue. Some experts are pessimistic about the future. One worry is the activity of cyber-criminals. Even now, young hackers can get into the computers of banks and government. In the future, cyber-terrorists may “attack” the world’s computers, cause chaos and make planes and trains crash. 2. However, many people are optimistic about the future of the Internet. Already users can buy books, find out about holiday offers, book tickets, go shopping and get all sorts of information from the Internet. It is clear that the Net is as interesting and exciting as the people and organizations that are connected to it. The Internet enables you to do a lot of things simultaneously. You can read the latest copy of your favorite newspaper and send e-mail to someone. The arrival of digital TV promises even more exciting things. Some specialists believe that in the future the television will be probably replaced by the Internet. The postal service may also disappear with the increasing use of e-mail. We will probably live in virtual reality: we will work in virtual offices, shop in virtual supermarkets, and we will even study in virtual schools and universities. Упражнение №7. Выпишите из второго абзаца текста предложения, содержащие прилагательные в одной из степеней сравнения. Упражнение №8. Прочитайте 1-й абзац текста. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос. Why are some experts pessimistic about the future of the Internet? 1. We will probably live in virtual reality. 2. The television will be probably replaced by the Internet. 3. In the future cyber-terrorists may “attack” the world’s computers and cause chaos.
К.р.1 Вариант 2
Контрольная работа 1 Вариант 2 Упражнение №1. Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным (цепочка существительных) и стоящих перед существительным (левое определение). 1. The instruction manuals for most software applications contain a section which describes the function of each key or combination of keys. 2. A display adapter card is actually what builds the video images. Упражнение №2. Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык разных степеней сравнения прилагательных и наречий. 1. Much simpler computer’s user interface is one of the greatest advantages for most computer users. 2. Let the robot replace people working in harmful conditions, and the sooner the better. Упражнение №3. Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык слов it, one (ones), that, these, those в разных значениях. 1. Electronics makes it possible to raise industrial automation to a higher level. 2. One can divide memories into two major types: static memories and dynamic memories. 3. Static memories are those that retain the information without the need to refresh that information at frequent time intervals. Упражнение №4. Перепишите предложения, определите в них залог и временные формы глаголов, укажите их инфинитив, переведите предложения. 1. Improved software packages are appearing on the market. 2. Automation has also had an influence on the areas of economy other than manufacturing. 3. Some experts think that virtual reality will become a part of modern life. Упражнение №5. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на различные грамматические значения и функции глаголов should и would. 1. The same set of characters may have meaning sometimes as a number, sometimes as an instruction. 2. We have to develop automatic control for industry, business and scientific research. 3. It is necessary to buy a printer if the personal computer is to be used to print letters or other information. 4. It is necessary that the program should be written in advance. 5. It would be impossible to imagine our life without computers. Упражнение №6. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст. COMPUTER REVOLUTION 1. 50 years ago people didn’t even hear of computers, and today we cannot imagine life without them. Computer technology is the fastest growing industry in the world. The first computer was the size of a minibus and weighed a ton. Today, its job can be done by a chip the size of a pin head. And the revolution is still going on. Very soon we’ll have computers that will be worn on our wrists or even in our glasses and earrings. The next generations of computers will be able to talk and even think for themselves. They will contain electronic ‘neural network’. Of course, they’ll be still much simpler than human brains, but it will be the greatest step forward. Such computers will help to diagnose illnesses, find minerals, identify criminals and control space travel. 2. Some people say that computers are dangerous, but I don’t agree with them. They save a lot of time and give access to a lot of information. They seldom make mistakes. It’s much faster and easier to surf the Internet than to go to the library. On-line shopping makes it possible to find exactly what you want at the best price, saving both time and money. E-mail is a great invention too. It’s faster than sanding a letter and cheaper than sending a telegram. All in all, I strongly believe that computers are the useful tool. They have changed our life for the better. So why shouldn’t we make them work to our advantage? Упражнение № 7. Выпишите из первого абзаца текста предложения, содержащие прилагательные в одной из степеней сравнения. Упражнение № 8. Прочитайте 2-й абзац текста. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащий правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос. What is the main advantage of using computers? 1. They have small size. 2. They save a lot of time and give access to a lot of information. 3. They aren’t dangerous for human beings.
К.р.1 Вариант 3
Упражнение №1. Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным (цепочка существительных) и стоящих перед существительным (левое определение). 1. The feedback principle is used in all automatic-control mechanisms. 2. Manufacture is one of the most important application fields for automation technology. 3. Random access memory (RAM) is the volatile computer memory. Упражнение №2. Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык разных степеней прилагательных и наречий. 1. One of the most important tasks of microcomputer is to store the data for later processing. 2. The higher the complexity of the tasks performed by the computer, the harder and more costly the computer becomes. Упражнение №3. Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык слов it, one, (one's), that, these, those в разных значениях. 1. It is an industrial technology and scientific development that electronic device contributed greatly. 2. To improve computing machines one should improve memory device. 3. The methods of control of the units are similar to those of a telephone network. Упражнение №4. Перепишите предложения, определите в них залог и временные формы глаголов, укажите их инфинитив, переведите предложения. 1. In nearly all industrial robotic applications, the robot provides a substitute for human labour. 2. The productivity of the hardware has increased greatly in recent years. 3. The computer technology is still evolving. 4. In the future, computers will bring a lot of benefits, but they will also increase the potential for imaginable chaos. Упражнение №5. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на различные грамматические значения и функции глаголов should и would. 1. The instructions are recorded in the order in which they are to be carried out. 2. The first automatic computers could operate at a low speed. 3. It should be noted that the first generations of personal computers which came onto the market between 1977 and 1981 had 8-bit microprocessor. 4. It would require millions of arithmetical operations to solve a lot of technical and scientific problems without a computer. 5. Should the circuit be closed the specific operation would take place. Упражнение №6. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст. BILL GATES – THE RICHEST MAN IN THE WORLD 1. Everyone has heard of Bill Gates, the icon of American business and the richest man in the world. Microsoft, the business he started with a friend in 1975 has become the world’s largest computer software company. Bill Gates was born on the 28-th of October, 1955, in Seattle, USA. Seattle was once famous for producing Boeing aircraft, but is now better known as the home of Microsoft. From his parents Bill got a good business sense and a quick mind. At 13 he got interested in computers. Bill Gates and his friend Paul Allen spent all their time writing programmes and learning about computers. 2. After finishing school in 1973 Bill went to Harvard, America’s most famous university. Most of the time he worked on the computers in the university laboratory. The next year, he and Paul Allen wrote an operating programme for the Altair, one of the world’s first microcomputers. The two friends started Microsoft in1975 and very soon it became a big success. In 1980, Gates bought an operating system DOS. He made some changes to it and called it MS-DOS. He sold the rights to use the system to IBM. MS-DOS became the standard operating system for all PCs of that time. Microsoft has also developed such well-known programmes as Windows, Excel and Internet Explorer. Bill’s dream is to computerize everything – TV, telephones, lights, even the way you cook dinner. Упражнение №7. Выпишите из 1-го абзаца текста предложения, содержащие прилагательные в одной из степеней сравнения. Упражнение №8. Прочитайте 2-й абзац текста. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос. Which operating system (programme), developed by Bill Gates, was the first to come onto the market? 1. an operating system called MS-DOS. 2. an operating system called Windows. 3. an operating programme for the Altair, one of the world’s first microcomputers.
К.р.1 Вариант 4
Контрольная работа 1 Вариант 4 Упражнение №1. Перепишите предложения, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным (цепочка существительных) и стоящих перед существительным (левое определение). 1. The purpose of storage hardware is to store computer instructions and data. 2. The monitor is a component with a display screen for viewing computer data, television programmes. 3. Software is the final computer system component. Упражнение №2. Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык разных степеней сравнения прилагательных и наречий. 1. Information sent over the Internet takes the shortest path available from one computer to another. 2. We structure our computers from several processors, arrange them so that the greater the number of the processors, the faster the supercomputer. 3. The new computer programme was much longer than the previous one, but as reliable as possible. Упражнение №3. Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык слов it, one, (ones), that, these, those в разных значениях. 1. It was Norbert Weiner who was recognized as the father of cybernetics. 2. One should remember about timing problem with execution an instruction. 3. That computer is more efficient than the old one. Упражнение №4. Перепишите предложения, определите в них залог и временные формы глаголов, укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения. 1. After the computer had received the data it began to process the information. 2. Bill Gates made some changes to DOS-operating system and renamed it MS-DOS. 3. The input unit had made possible communication between human beings and the computer. Упражнение №5. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на различные грамматические значения и функции глаголов should и would. 1. We have to continue developing automatic control for industry, business, education and scientific research. 2. A smart robot should be able to think, sense and move any material part or device through variable programmed motions. 3. The device may be used to process information. 4. Some operations for this computer should be changed and new instructions should be added. 5. If something should go wrong with the computer, you could lose the results of your work. Упражнение №6. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст. INTEL OPENS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENER. 1. Intel, the world’s leading microprocessor producer, has opened a research and development centre in St. Petersburg. The new centre will boost the city’s economy and help Russia to promote the computer technology. The St. Petersburg centre will play a key role in developing the basic building blocks of “Management Runtime Environment” technology. The applications will help to run faster and more efficiently, and higher quality software will be developed much faster. 2. The market in Russia and St. Petersburg continues to grow and smart people are needed to serve this market and better help it. For these reasons Intel decided to open a lab here. All the lab employers were subcontracted from St. Petersburg Elbrus, a leader in computer technology research. In St. Petersburg 5000 students start studying computer programming every year. The city has a very big potential and is home to some of the best computer engineers in the world. This project is very good for Russia because this actually means that local talented engineers can stay on, be employed by one of the biggest, world-class companies. They can apply their knowledge, be used and also they can earn decent salaries. Упражнение №7. Выпишите из 1-го абзаца текста предложения, содержащие прилагательные в одной из степеней сравнения. Упражнение №8. Прочитайте 2-й абзац текста. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос. Why did Intel decide to open the centre in ST. Petersburg? 1. The company needs to develop new product. 2. The company wants to pay high salaries to ST. Petersburg computer engineers. 3. The company needs the new computer market and smart people to serve it.
К.р.1 Вариант 5
Контрольная работа 1 Вариант 5 Упражнение №1. Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский определений, выраженных именем существительным (цепочка существительных) и стоящих перед существительным (левое определение). 1. Data communication within and between computers systems is handled by the system software. 2. A high level language is a language in which each instruction or statement corresponds to several machine code instructions. 3. Hybrid computers combine the desirable speed and flexibility characteristics of general and specific purpose computers. Упражнение №2. Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык разных степеней сравнения прилагательных и наречий. 1. Windows makes running most application programs much easier. 2. One of the newest, most innovative areas of computer application is Computer-Aided Design and Drafting. 3. The longer and more sophisticated microcomputer programs, the more impractical it is to code them in low level languages. Упражнение №3. Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык слов it, one, (ones), that, these, those в разных значениях. 1. It is an input unit that accepts information from outside the computer. 2. One knows that debugging still remains one of the most difficult and unsatisfactory operations. 3. It is obvious, that the efficiency of the old apparatus is low compared with that of the new one. Упражнение №4. Перепишите предложения, определите в них залог и временные формы глаголов, укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения. 1. The computer stores the information in the registers. 2. Computers have greatly facilitated the use of feedback in manufacturing processes. 3. The term automation means performing certain tasks by machines. Упражнение №5. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения. 1. The system must be able to recognize speaker’s instructions from speech patterns. 2. An addition arithmetic logic unit had to be incorporated to handle portions of the address. 3. These operations may be performed on numbers of words. 4. One should be careful when writing a computer program. 5. We supposed they would use other kind of memory for solving the task. Упражнение №6. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст. THE AGE OF AUTOMATIC 1. We live in the age of great developments in science and engineering. More than two hundred years ago the invention of the textile machinery started the industrial revolution. In less than a century machines were used in all the branches of industry. They made all kinds of operations of a factory worker much better, much faster and at a lower cost than factory workers did. Thus the first industrial revolution freed man’s hands from hard and monotonous labour. In the 1920s the automobile industry for the first time used an integrated system of production. This method of production was adopted by most car manufactures and became known as Detroit automation. The term automation means performing certain tasks, previously done by people, by machines only. The sequences of operations are controlled automatically. The most familiar example of a highly automated system is an assembly plant for automobiles or other complex products. 2. Automated manufacturing had several steps in the development. Mechanization was the first step necessary in the development of automation. The simplification of work made it possible to design and build machines that resembled the motions of the worker. These specialized machines were motorized and they had better production efficiency. Introduction of microprocessors and computers gave rise to automation technology. The term automation is also used to describe non-manufacturing systems in which automatic devices can operate independently of human control. Such devices as automatic mints, automatic telephone equipment and automated control systems are used to perform various operations much faster and better than could be done by people. Упражнение №7. Выпишите из 1-го абзаца текста предложения, содержащие прилагательные в одной из степеней сравнения. Упражнение №8. Прочитайте 2-й абзац текста. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос. What was the first step in the development of automation? 1. the introduction of microprocessors; 2. the introduction; 3. mechanization of manufacturing operations.
К.р.2 Вариант 1
Контрольная работа 2 Вариант 1 Упражнение №1. Перепишите предложения, определите залог и временные формы глаголов. Укажите их инфинитивы. Переведите предложения. 1. Today all the computers are broadly specified as special-purpose and general-purpose computers. 2. These computers are being operated by the programmers. 3. The invention of computers was spoken of at the last lecture. Упражнение №2. Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните в них причастия и определите их функцию. Переведите предложения. 1. Engineers working on the same project communicate among themselves and share information. 2. Only when combined with a production system, robots will be used as helpers for economic and productivity increase. Упражнение №3. Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните в них герундий и определите его функцию. Переведите предложения. 1. In a computer the memory serves the function of storing instructions, data and results of computation. 2. Logical operations include comparing, selecting, storing, matching, etc. 3. The control is performed by decoding the contents of Instruction Register. Упражнение №4. Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните инфинитив и укажите его функцию. Переведите предложения. 1. To solve complex problems is the main purpose of the computers. 2. To solve complex problems we use different computers. 3. The problem to consider is very important. Упражнение №5. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст. THE RAPID RATE OF TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE AND THE END USER 1. The first microcomputer was built in 1975. Since that time many models have been introduced with increasing speeds and capacities. Microcomputers are used at schools, in homes, and in offices. Today sophisticated software is made up of hundreds of thousands of instructions. The advance of technology continues, making the buying decision more complex. It isn't just hardware - new, improved software packages appear on the market almost as soon as users have mastered the prior ones. 2. What's driving this continual match *? There is no doubt that users want more powerful, easier-to-use technology. There is no doubt that computer firms want to turn out more product to generate more profits. So what if users want to stay with what they have now? Staying with the old software is possible. You can still use the software to do what you’ve always done, but you risk being left behind by the last-moving train of technological advance. No one wants to be left behind, watching everyone else move up to the new technology standards. 3. So there are risks to standing still. But there are also risks to forever riding the wave of technological advance which can be expensive. You have to throw out perfectly good hardware and software and purchase the latest available. Your new computing equipment should help you become more productive. But what do you do when the next software or the next microprocessor come out? When should you upgrade again? Unfortunately, there are no easy answers, just a wide range of options. Упражнение №6. Выпишите из 1-го абзаца текста причастия и укажите, какие функции в предложении они выполняют. Упражнение №7. Выпишите из 3-го абзаца текста герундий и укажите его функции. Упражнение №8. Прочитайте 2-й абзац текста и ответьте на вопрос. Does the end user have any risk using old software and hardware?
К.р.2 Вариант 2
Контрольная работа 2 Вариант 2 Упражнение №1. Перепишите предложения, определите залог и временные формы глаголов. Укажите их инфинитивы. Переведите предложения. 1. An instruction is a command, which is given to the computer and consists of a verb (an operational code) and a noun (an operand). 2. These devices were used in our laboratory. 3. Modern personal computers are always looked at with interest. 4. By the appointed time all the changes in the control program had been finished. Упражнение №2. Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните в них причастия и определите их функцию. Переведите предложения. 1. Any operation performed by a computer must be interpreted into a machine code. 2. (When) controlling automatic production the electronic machine sends the necessary commands to the control panel according to the programme. 3. The control program is a large program occupying thousands of bytes. Упражнение №3. Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните в них герундий и определите его функцию. Переведите предложения. 1. The central processing unit contains facilities for addressing main storage, for fetching and storing information, etc. 2. Detecting and correcting any errors is called debugging. 3. After taking special training the workers become highly skilled operators of automatic system. Упражнение №4. Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните инфинитив и укажите его функцию. Переведите предложения. 1. The new pulp and paper mills are to be equipped with automation control system. 2. The technology to support the development of microprocessor has grown rapidly. 3. Users work with the program interactively to synthesize logic functions and produce functional designs. Упражнение №5. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст. PORTABLE COMPUTERS 1. The first digital computer was built in 1946 at the University of Pennsylvania. In its early days it required 18500 vacuum tubes, storing information. Obviously, a 30-ton computer had its limitations. Scientists and engineers had to work hard, making it better. Using transistors as small amplifiers in place of the large vacuum tubes they could reduce the size and cost of computers. 2. In the early 1960’s the first microcomputers were sold commercially. The revolution was going on. Less than a decade later, the microcomputer was invented. The basic unit of the microcomputer is a tiny silicon chip, serving different computer functions. Having very small size each chip is able to contain thousands of elements. One of the latest developments is bubble memory used for the purpose of storing information in tiny magnetic spots or islands. They hold the information without loosing it when the power is turned off. 3. The great advances in microelectronics have helped achieve the moon landing and create highly technological devices. Still the computer revolution is moving on. Portable computers are the latest innovation. In the smallest of the portables the disk drives have been replaced by bubble memory chips. In these computers information can be stored on the road, in the classroom, at conferences, at the library, or elsewhere and later transferred to printer or convention disk drive memory. Hand-held computers are very light in weight and small in size and can be useful for some situations, but there are some drawbacks. The displays are rarely more than a single short line in length, and the keyboard is too small. Упражнение №6. Выпишите из 1-го абзаца текста причастия и укажите, какие функции в предложении они выполняют. Упражнение №7. Выпишите из 2-го абзаца текста герундий и укажите его функции. Упражнение №8. Прочитайте 3-й абзац текста и ответьте на вопрос. What are the main advantages of hand-held computers?
К.р.2 Вариант 3
Контрольная работа 2 Вариант 3 Упражнение №1. Перепишите предложения, определите в них залог и временные формы глаголов. Укажите их инфинитивы. Переведите предложения. 1. Hardware configuration depends on what computer system is designed for. 2. Today most robots are used in manufacturing operations. 3. The sequence of operations was performed by the computer. 4. This information can be relied upon. Упражнение №2. Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните в них причастия и определите их функцию. Переведите предложения. 1. (When) pressing the key the operator makes the adding machine operate. 2. Printed circuit boards are getting smaller, but have an increasing number of complex integrated circuits. 3. Bits are typically grouped in units called bytes. Упражнение №3. Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните в них герундий и определите его функцию. Переведите предложения. 1. The task of improving memory device is of great importance. 2. She insisted on carrying out the experiment. 3. Compiling a program requires great attention of a programmer. Упражнение №4. Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните инфинитив и укажите его функцию. Переведите предложения. 1. To design an efficient control system is quite a difficult task. 2. The experiments to be carried out will be very important. 3. A program for a computer is an exact sequence of instructions that it uses to solve a problem. Упражнение №5. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст. WHY NOT BUY COMPUTER? 1. The first microcomputer was built in 1985. Since that time many models have been introduced with increasing speeds and capacities. New areas are developing in the fifth generation, including artificial intelligence, expert systems and natural languages. The PC is known for its flexibility and ability to manipulate data. The variety of choices being offered makes the buying decision more complex, however, and you have to know enough about microcomputers to make an intelligent choice. A microcomputer system is a significant investment. While purchasing one you should think seriously about what you want to do. 2. But even knowing what you want to do with the computer, how do you find out what fits your needs? Experience is best; possibilities include your school’s computer, friends who can give you advice, computer rental agencies, and computer dealers. You should do some research; popular computer magazines provide a lot of information, including reviews of software and hardware. Ultimate, the most important factor in buying computer is making sure it will be able to handle the job(s) you have in mind. Упражнение №7. Выпишите из 1-го абзаца текста причастия и укажите их в предложении. Упражнение №8. Прочитайте 2-й абзац текста и ответьте на вопрос. What should you do when buying a computer?
К.р.2 Вариант 4
Контрольная работа 2 Вариант 4 Упражнение №1. Перепишите предложения, определите в них залог и временные формы глаголов. Укажите их инфинитивы. Переведите предложения. 1. The PC hardware has been upgraded. 2. The experiments on the new microcomputer were being carried out during the whole month. 3. The information was received by the input of the computer. 4. The development of MS-DOS was followed by Microsoft Windows. Упражнение №2. Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните в них причастия и определите их функции. Переведите предложения. 1. The operator pressing the keys makes the calculator operate. 2. Discussing the advantages of the new memory unit the professor gave the students all the necessary explanations. 3. The time required to transmit one computer word out of the memory to where it will be used is called the memory access time. Упражнение №3. Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните в них герундий и определите его функцию. Переведите предложения. 1. After compiling the instruction the Program Counter selects a new one. 2. He is responsible for writing the computer program. 3. Selecting one type over the other is almost a choice between the cost of the machine and computational speed. Упражнение №4. Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните инфинитив, укажите его функцию. Переведите предложения. 1. To make possible communication from a human being and a computer is the main purpose of the input unit. 2. Information has to be in the form of digits or characters for a digital computer. 3. The input to be described here is a new device. Упражнение №5. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст. SOME MORE FACTS ABOUT COMPUTERS. 1. The history of computing covers less than two hundred years. The early years from 1830-1950 were considered its infancy. Charles Babbage invented the difference and the analytical engine. The difference engine was used in finding errors in handwritten tables. The analytical engine was designed for mathematical computations. This machine had five features found in today computer hardware: there must be input, processing, output, controlling and storage devices. 2. The vacuum tube was used as primary computer component during the first generation of computers. Punched cards and magnetic tape were used for secondary storage. The second generation computers were significantly improved with the transistor. The integrated circuit replaced the transistors in the third generation computers. The fourth generation introduced the microprocessor on a chip. The semiconductor chip is made of a crystalline substance conducting electricity. When introduced the chip greatly influenced the computer technology. The fifth generation has arrived recently. New areas are developing in this generation, including artificial intelligence, expert systems and natural languages. 3. A wide variety of computers are used today, but they can be broadly classified as special and general-purpose computers. You should know the difference. Special-purpose computers are able to accept only certain types of input and present a narrow range of inputs. The most common kind of general-purpose computer in the use today is the personal computer or microcomputer. It gets the name microcomputer from the tiny electronic device, called the microprocessor that does the actual processing. Упражнение №6. Выпишите из 1-го абзаца текста герундий и укажите его функции. Упражнение №7. Выпишите из 2-го абзаца текста причастия и укажите их функции. Упражнение №8. Прочитайте 3-й абзац текста и ответьте на вопрос: Does the personal computer belong to special-purpose or general-purpose computers?
К.р.2 Вариант 5
Контрольная работа 2 Вариант 5 Упражнение №1. Перепишите предложения, определите в них залог и временные формы глагола. Укажите их инфинитивы. Предложения переведите. 1. These digits are easily multiplied. 2. The first microcomputer was built in 1975. 3. The feedback principle had been used in all automatic control mechanisms for centuries. 4. This computer program can’t be relied on, it is not reliable. Упражнение №2. Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните в них причастия и определите их функции. Предложения переведите. 1. During the last years integrated circuit technology is especially impressive, when viewed in terms of cost decrease. 2. Signals given to measuring instruments and controlling devices are introduced into the electronic machine. 3. A designer was drawing the project, using CAD system. Упражнение №3. Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните в них герундий и определите его функцию. Предложения переведите. 1. His repairing the computer thoroughly is quite natural as he is a skilled specialist. 2. No advantage was gained by using this method of control. 3. The memory of the microprocessors system serves the purpose of holding information. Упражнение №4. Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните инфинитив, укажите его функцию. Предложения переведите. 1. The information address tells where the results to be put. 2. Information to be computed is stored usually in registers units of hardware. 3. To create the model the interactive terminal screen is usually divided into sections showing various views of the model. Упражнение №5. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст. COMPUTERS AND HACKERS 1. In the twenty-first century the computer technology is greatly developing. It would be really difficult to imagine life without computers. They are a source of information, education and entertainment. But today’s world of computer can also be quite frightening and dangerous. This is because of people who use computers for illegal purposes. They are called hackers. So you should be very careful when working with computer information. 2. Hackers spend their time playing with computer data in all parts of cyberspace. Much of what they do is not dangerous, but sometimes their activities break the law, for example, when they break into websites, take control of computer or create viruses. They are especially interested in breaking through the security of military websites. Hackers know how to trick people just using their programmes. They use a ‘Trojan Horse’, a programme that looks perfectly safe, but actually contains something destructive. The only way of not getting into trouble is not to open it. 3. Although they can get serious punishment if they are caught, most hackers still think that what they do is a game. They often meet at festivals, taking part in discussions, sharing experience, meeting other hackers and generally having a good time. These meetings are organized in well-known places like Las Vegas or Berlin. Recently, hacking has started to increase. Hackers are getting into computer systems and stealing or destroying information. It is certain that there will be a lot more of this high-tech crime in the twenty-first century. Упражнение №6. Выпишите из 1-го абзаца причастия и укажите их функции в предложении. Упражнение №7. Выпишите из 2-го абзаца герундий и укажите его функции. Упражнение №8. Прочитайте 3-й абзац текста и ответьте на вопрос: Will the number of hackers change in the future years?
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