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Министерство образования Российской Федерации
Российский государственный гидрометеорологический университет
С.С. Базанова, Г.К. Семенова
Сборник
текстов, упражнений и контрольных работ
для студентов, изучающих английский язык
Учебное пособие для ВУЗов
Под общей редакцией Т.Н. Ласточкиной
Рекомендовано Учебно-методическим объединением по образованию
в области гидрометеорологии в качестве учебного пособия
по дисциплине Английский язык для студентов высших учебных заведений,
обучающихся по направлению Гидрометеорология
РГГМУ
Санкт-Петербург
Стоимость выполнения работы по английскому языку уточняйте при заказе.
Готовы следующие варианты:
Вариант 01
WEATHER AND CLIMATE
When you talk about the weather, you mean the air. Weather is what the air is like in any one place at anyone time. How hot or cold is the air? How much dampness, or moisture, is in it? How fast j s the air moving? How heavily does it press on the earth? The answers to these questions tell about the weather.
Weather tells what the air is like in a place at any one time. Climate tells what the weather is like in general, all year round. If a place has much more dry weather than wet weather, vrelay it has a dry climate. I fit lias much
more hot weather, we say it has a hot climate. Yuma, Arizona, for example, has a hot, dry climate. On most
summer, spring and fall days in Yuma, the weather js dry, sunny, and hot. But on a winter morning, the weather
may be rainy and cool. Later that same day, the weather may be dry, sunny, and cool. Weather changes each day.
Climate stays much the same one year after another.
Each place in the world has its own climate. But many climates are,so much alike that scientists group them
all into just twelve types. Each type describes how hot or cold and how dry or wet a place is.
Вариант 02
SOIL
Soil is the dark-brown covering over most land. It can be a few inches or a few feet thick. Some people call
soil «dirt».
Soil is made mostly of tinv bits of rock of different sizes. It also has in it tinv pieces of dead plants and
water - ice - takes up more space than liquid water. So the ice pushed against both sides of a crack. It split the
rock into stones. Rain and rivers washed the stones down rocky mountains and wore then down into smaller
rocks and pebbles. After millions of years, a layer of very tiny pieces of rock built up on top of the earth. Pieces
of dead plants and animals got mixed in with the bits of rock. This mixture is soil.
Вариант 03
CLOUDS
Day and night, earth's surface waters evaporate. They release water vapour into the air. When conditions are right, the water vapour cnanges back into tiny droplets of liquid water. We see this as a cloud.
Before clouds can form, two things must happen. (1) The air that contains the water vapour must be cooled (2). There must be tiny particles, such as dust, mixed with the air.
Clouds come in all shapes and sizes. On some days you see small puffs of clouds that may disappear before
your eyes. On an overcast day, clouds form a blanket overhead. Such a cloud blanket acts as a heat barrier. The
clouds keep the sun from heating the earth's surface as much in the daytime. At night the cloud blanket keeps
the earth's surface from cooling as rapidly.
Meteorologists classify clouds based on several criteria. They loок, for instance, at a cloud's shape, altitude,
and extent of coverage.
Fog is simply a cloud on the ground. Fog is made up of small water droplets that are held in the air, just like
a cloud. But it is at ground level. And it reduces visibility to less than 1 km.
Вариант 04
WHAT MAKES CLIMATES DIFFERENT?
The location of a place on the earth decides its climate. If you live far to the north, you live in a cold
climate. The same is true if you live very far to the south. The sun's rays hit these areas at a great slant and don't
warm the land very much. But if you live somewhere around the middle of the earth - near the equator - your
hometown probably has a climate that is hot all year round. That is because the sun's rays hit this area fairly
directly. The more directly the sun's rays hit a place, the wanner that place is. If you live near the equator, your
hometown not only gets more sun, but it also gets more rain than places very far north or south.
How high up you live also makes a difference in the climate. If you live in the mountains, you have a cooler
climate.
If you live near the ocean, your winters are probably less cold and your summers less hot than those in
places far from the ocean. But your hometown usually has more rain than those inland places do. Winds and the
movement of water in the ocean near your home help to make the climate the way it is.
Вариант 05
AN «OCEAN» OF AIR
We live at the bottom of an ocean of air. At sea level, the air is quite heavy, or dense. Air is a mixture of
several kinds of gases. It is mostly nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%). Most of the air is within 16 km (10 miles)
from earth. The higher we go the less dense the air becomes. The last thin traces are several thousands of miles
above the planet.
Earth's atmosphere gives us warmth and protection. It gives us the oxygen we breathe. It stores heat and
protects us from the bitter cold of outer space. And it shields us from the sun's harmful ultraviolet radiation.
Like the seas, our ocean of air is always in motion. Like the seas earth's atmosphere has air «currents»,
energy from the sun drives those currents. The sun heats earth most at the equator. Here the sun's rays strike
earth's surface most directly. Here the circulation pattern of earth's atmosphere begins. This circulation is like
giant heat engine that gets its energy from the sun.
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