Санкт-Петербургский государственный технологический институт (технический университет)

Федеральное агентство по образованию
Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования
Санкт-Петербургский технологический институт
(Технический университет)
Кафедра иностранных языков
Бойченко Э.Н., Лобановская Т.Л.
Лобода И.В., Никитова Е.Я.
Методические указания
Контрольные работы по английскому языку
для студентов заочной формы обучения
Санкт-Петербург
2007

Стоимость выполнения контрольных заданий по данной методичке уточняйте при заказе

Федеральное агентство по образованию
Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования
Санкт-Петербургский технологический институт
(Технический университет)
Кафедра иностранных языков
Зинченко В.М.
Методические указания
Изучение немецкого языка студентами заочной формы обучения
(немецкий язык)
Санкт-Петербург
2007

Стоимость выполнения контрольных заданий из данной методички уточняйте при заказе

Федеральное агентство по образованию
Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования
Санкт-Петербургский технологический институт
(Технический университет)
Кафедра иностранных языков
Зинченко В.М.
Методические указания
Изучение иностранного языка студентами заочной формы обучения
(французский язык)
Методические указания
Санкт-Петербург
2009

Стоимость выполнения контрольных заданий из данной методички уточняйте при заказе

Минобрнауки России
Федеральное государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования
Санкт-Петербургский государственный технологический институт
(технический университет)
Кафедра иностранных языков
И.В. Лобода, С.Б. Теремязева
Английский язык
для студентов заочной формы обучения механического факультета
Методические указания
Санкт-Петербург
2012

Стоимость выполнения контрольной работы по английскому языку уточняйте при заказе.
Выполнены следующие работы (стоимость готового уточняйте):

Вариант 3

I. Translate the following text using a dictionary.
THE HEATING EFFECT OF AN ELECTRIC CURRENT
Whenever a current is flowing through a conductor, there is always some opposition to its flow because of the fact that electrons or ions, if the conductor is electrolytic, will collide with each other as well as with the ions or molecules of the conductor. The energy which is supplied by the generator or battery in order to overcome this opposition is known to be transformed into heat within the conductor. The heat produced per second depends both upon the resistance of the conductor and upon the amount of the current flowing through it.
If some current flows through a thin wire and then the same amount of current is sent through a thicker one, a different amount of heat will be developed in both these wires. When the current is passed through the wire which is too thin to carry it freely, that is, the wire whose resistance offers greater opposition to its flow, more electric energy will be converted into heat than in the case of the thick wire carrying a small current. (1100 п. зн.)

II. Translate the following sentences:
1. On being heated magnetized steel will lose its magnetism because heating makes the molecules move around rapidly and expands the metal.
2. The voltage being increased, the field becomes strong to cause the electrons to produce additional ions by collision.
3. To measure the current strength and the voltage is not difficult.
4. The current is known to flow when the circuit is complete.
5. The farad is too large a unit to be used for practical work.
6. Landing on a planet is a problem to be solved in the nearest future.
7. The idea of using machines for purposes of teaching is of great importance.
8. His research followed by a report resulted in a new discussion.
9. This aircraft has proved to be very useful for pilots’ training.
10. The breaking of the circuit causes the magnetic field to disappear.

Дата выполнения: 20/01/2014

Вариант 4

I. Translate the following text using a dictionary.
HOW TO GENERATE ELECTRIC CURRENT
… To produce a current by thermal action heat is applied to two unlike metals soldered together in two points. The apparatus which causes such a current to be generated is called a thermo-electric couple or thermocouple for short. The reason the thermocouple generates a current is due to the fact that the heat makes the electrons tear off of the negatively charged metal at the point of joint. It is these electrons that form the current flowing through the circuit. Now there exist semi-conductor thermo-elements which without any machinery allow thermal energy to be converted into electrical energy. Falling on a special kind of cell, light can cause an electric current to flow. The device making use of this phenomenon so as to produce electricity is called a photoelectric cell.
Finally, to generate a current by magnetic action, a wire is made to pass through a magnetic field, the latter being set up either by a permanent magnet or an electromagnet, the devices which make the electric current be generated in this way are called ―magneto‖ and ―dynamo‖ machines. (1100 п. зн.)

II. Translate the following sentences:
1. This kind of electrolyte used has no effect on the electromotive force.
2. Further analyses have proved these particles to be doubly charged helium atoms.
3. Being designed with the help of transistors electronic devices consume little power.
4. One of the most valuable uses of ultra-violet rays in industry is testing the quality of equipment.
5. The image being televised is picked up by the TV camera.
6. Our purpose is to determine the effect of X-rays on this substance.
7. The instrument for measuring the temperature of hot flowing metals is similar to that used in our laboratory.
8. Comparing the data obtained by our tests is the only means of solving this problem.
9. Having invented the lightning conductor, Franklin continued working at the problem of atmospheric electricity.
10. Experiments showing the changes in substances are very important for industry.

Дата выполнения: 20/01/2014

Урок 1

I. Ответьте на вопросы:
1. Does a physical body have length, width and height?
2. What are the dimensions of a body?
3. May the dimensions of one body be different from the corresponding dimensions of another body?
4. What can we do if we want to know the size of a body?
5. What do we do in order to measure the size of a body?
6. What system of weights and measures have most countries accepted?
7. What is the unit of measure in the metric system?
8. Has the metric system become universal in scientific work?

II. Вставьте пропущенные слова: Length, width, height, dimensions, body, size, to measure, metric.
1. The dimensions of a body are …, … and … .
2. The length and height of a … are its dimensions.
3. The width of a body is one of its … .
4. In order to know the size of a body we can … it.
5. We can compare the … of different bodies.
6. The … system is universally accepted.

III. Переведите на английский язык:
Физическое тело; длина, ширина, высота; размер; измерения; измерять; отличаться от; сравнивать; единица измерения; метрическая система.

IV. Определите времена глагола и переведите на русский язык следующие предложения:
1. We know that every body has length, width and height. 2. Most countries have accepted the metric system of weights and measures. 3. When the students were measuring the length of an object they took meter as a unit of measure. 4. They had already repaired the machine when I offered my help. 5. I will tell you the dimensions of this body as soon as I have measured it. 6. Have you measured this body? Do you know its dimensions? 7. In text №3 we shall deal with the weight of a body. 8. We carried on an important scientific work last year.

V. Переведите на английский язык следующие предложения:
1. Студенты изучали этот предмет в прошлом году. 2. Они уже измерили это тело. 3. Они сейчас проводят эксперимент. 4. Мы скоро будем изучать эту тему. 5. Он всегда помогает своему другу.

Дата выполнения: 09/01/2014

Урок 2

I. Ответьте на вопросы:
1. Do all bodies which are located on the earth have weight?
2. What is often spoken of?
3. Does everybody understand the precise meaning of the term ―weight‖?
4. Is it known that objects fall downwards to the earth?
5. Why do the bodies fall?
6. When will this well known fact be referred to?
7. What force pulls a body downwards?
8. What forces are all bodies acted upon?
9. Are all objects pulled downwards to the earth?

II. Вставьте пропущенные слова: Bodies, pulls, forces, precise, meaning, weight, objects.
1. All … have weight.
2. The … of a body is often spoken of.
3. Some people do not really understand the … … of the term ―weight‖.
4. It is known that … fall downwards to the earth.
5. The earth … to itself all bodies which are located on it.
6. All bodies are acted upon by gravitational … .

III. Переведите на английский язык:
Тело; предмет; вес; притягивать; падать; земля; точное значение; масса; сила тяжести.

IV. Определите времена глагола и переведите на русский язык следующие предложения:
1. All bodies which are located on earth have weight. 2. The weight of a body is often spoken of. 3. All bodies are pulled by the earth. 4. Gram has been accepted as the unit of weight. 5. It is known that the unit of volume is the volume of a cube. 6. The metric system is being widely used now. 7. Length, width and height are called the dimensions of a body. 8. The precise meaning of the term ―weight‖ will be defined in the next text.

V. Сравните предложения:
1. a) We measure length in centimeters. b) Length is measured in centimeters. 2. a) Most countries have accepted the metric system. b) The metric system has been almost universally accepted. 3. a) They compared the dimensions of the objects. b) The dimensions of two bodies were compared.

Дата выполнения: 09/01/2014

Урок 5

ELASTICITY
Pulling a rubber band increases its length. However, if we cease pulling it and release one of its ends, the rubber band will quickly return to its original shape and size. Solids in greatly differing degrees resist being changed in shape, i.e. resist deformation. Some of them, like a rubber band or a steel spring, are called elastic because they return to their original size and shape after having been stretched or compressed. Others are known as elastic because they straighten after having been bent. Gases and liquids are perfectly elastic. In spite of their having been compressed they return to their original volume after the removing of the applied force. Air, for instance, is perfectly elastic. If it is compressed and then allowed to return to its original pressure and temperature, it returns exactly to its original volume. We may define an elastic body as one tending to return to its original shape and size when the deforming force is removed. On the contrary, bodies that are not very elastic do not show the tendency of returning to their original form. Thus, elasticity is the tendency to return to the original condition after deformation.

I. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:
1. What does pulling a rubber band increase?
2. What will happen if we cease pulling it?
3. Why a rubber band or a steel spring is called elastic?
4. Are gases and liquids elastic?
5. And what about air? Is it elastic?
6. How can we define an elastic body?
7. So, what is elasticity?

II. Переведите на английский язык следующие слова и словосочетания и запомните их:
Однако; между; сравнительно; наконец; затем; несмотря на; потому что; то есть; как и; после того, как; другой; как, например; такой, как…; больше не; до тех пор, пока.

III. Образуйте пары синонимов следующих слов:
To apply, action, shape, to use, to come back, effect, form, various, to return, state, varying, condition, to cease, quickly, very, to stop, to call, fast, at last, because, greatly, instead, since, to define, condition, to determine, body, finally, object.

IV. Переведите на английский язык следующие слова:
Длинный, длина; сопротивляться, сопротивление; устойчивый; изменяться, изменение, изменчивый; постоянный; иметь склонность, стремление; деформировать, деформация, деформированный; применять, применение, применяемый; эксперимент, экспериментировать.

V. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на герундиальную конструкцию.
1. The students didn’t know of their specimen having been measured before. 2. We were informed of their experiment having been successfully performed. 3. In spite of its having been compressed the gas returns to its original volume as soon as the applied force is removed. 4. Their doing this experiment at once is very important. 5. Speaking of thermometers, one must make reference to the pyrometer. We know of the latter being used for measuring temperatures that are too high for mercury thermometers. We also know of its finding a wide application in industry. 6. In certain cases friction becomes a helpful necessity instead of being a difficulty causing only wear and losses. 7. The machine broke on account of its having been made of brittle material. 8. We know of copper being used as a conductor owing to its suitable characteristics.

Итоговое задание.
Переведите следующие предложения:
1. Some solids instead of being plastic are brittle. 2. Any body which is capable of doing work possesses energy. 3. Increasing the velocity of molecules can be accomplished by raising the temperature. 4. Due to its being simple and convenient, the metric system is adopted in most countries of the world. 5. Being very sensitive to temperature changes, Galileo’s air thermometer was not sensitive at all to changes of atmospheric pressure. 6. We spend energy in lifting the object. 7. By adding heat we cause a greater motion of the molecules. 8. One cannot transform water into steam without heating it. 9. The barometer is an instrument for determining atmospheric pressure. 10. On studying the nature of that new phenomenon, they were not satisfied with the results obtained and started testing various engines. 11. His having obtained good results was a great success.

Дата выполнения: 20/04/2015

Урок 6

Mass
The term «mass» refers to that property of matter which in everyday language is described by the word «inertia». We know from experience that an object at rest will never start to move by itself – a push or a pull must be exerted on it by some other body. In more technical language, an external force is required to accelerate the body, and the force is said to be needed because the body has inertia.
It is also a well known fact that a force is required to slow down or to stop a body which is already in motion, and that a sidewise force must be exerted on a moving body to deviate it from a straight line. In these cases the force is known to be necessary because the body has inertia.
In every case the body is accelerated. The inertia is considered to be that property of matter because of which a force must be exerted on a body in order to accelerate it.
To have a numerical value of the inertia of a body, we take as a standard some body whose inertia is taken as unity, and state the inertia of all other bodies in terms of this standard. The inertia of a body, when stated in this quantitative way, is called its mass. Mass is a quantitative measure of inertia.
The mass of a body is an invariant property of the body, independent of its velocity, acceleration, position on the earth’s surface it differs from the weight of the body, which varies with position and elevation.

1. Ответьте на вопросы:
1. What property of matter does the term «mass» refer to?
2. Will an object at rest start to move by itself?
3. What kind of force is required to accelerate, to slow down or to stop the body?
4. Why is the external force necessary in all these cases just mentioned?
5. What is the inertia of a body?
6. What is the mass of a body?
7. What is the difference between the mass and the weight of the body?

2. Определите, к каким частям речи относятся следующие слова:
property, describe, experience, object, technical, acceleration, force, motion, accelerate, external, unity, quantitative, measure, necessary.

3. Переведите не английский язык:
ссылаться, свойство, вещество, предмет (тело), двигаться, требовать, ускорять, сила, движение, инерция, эталон, единица, мера.

4. Переведите на русский язык:
at rest, by itself, an external force, a moving body, in these cases, in order to, a numerical value, in terms of.

5. Переведите и определите функцию инфинитива:
1. The mechanical systems are often too simple to be of any practical interest.
2. To drive machines requires power.
3. To observe is the primary rule of any experiment.
4. An electric current is known to be a stream of electrons in motion.
5. When the currents to be detected and measured are very small, one should use a galvanometer.
6. To stop the flow of current is to break the circuit in some point.
7. Various switches are generally used to open or close the circuits.
8. A battery is the simplest device to produce direct current.
9. This device proved to be useful for our tests.
10. Electronic equipment is likely to find an ever growing application.
11. An electron is said to move in an orbit.
12. The bodies are said to have the same mass when they have the same weight.

Дата выполнения: 20/04/2015

Федеральное агентство по образованию
Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования
Санкт-Петербургский технологический институт
(Технический университет)
Кафедра иностранных языков
Зинченко В.М.
Методические указания
«Grundlagen der Wirtschaftslehre» (Основы экономики)
Учебное пособие (немецкий язык)
Санкт-Петербург
2013

Стоимость выполнения контрольных заданий из данной методички уточняйте при заказе

Минобрнауки России
федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования
Санкт-Петербургский государственный технологический институт
(технический университет)
(СПбТИ(ТУ))
Кафедра иностранных языков
Н.А.Степанова
Химическая технология природных энергоносителей и углеродных материалов
Методические указания
(английский язык)
Санкт-Петербург
2014

Готовы следующие варианты контрольных работ:

1-st term К.р. 1

Text 1
Renewable and Non-renewable Sources of Energy
Fossil fuels ( coal, oil, gas) result from a transformation of plant and animal material over millions of years. The solar energy originally stored in the plant or animal is eventually converted into energy stored in the plant or the fossil fuel. The fuels are being used at an enormously rapid rate.
Fossil fuels and fuels like uranium are “spent” once they are used to obtain energy. These are called non-renewable sources of energy.
Although new plants can be planted that eventually turn to coal, the process takes millions of years and that is why coal and other fossil fuels are considered non-renewable.
Solar and wind energy arrive and circulate air on the Earth everyday. These sources are called renewable. Wood and trees used as fuel are called renewable, because they can be replanted.
Energy availability and use are good indicators of the standard of living. In the USA the “average consumption” per head is 55 barrels of oil per year, in poorer countries the consumption is 6 barrels.(844)

1. Match English words with their Russian equivalents.

Дата выполнения: 21/12/2015

1-st term К.р. 2

Text 2
Combustion and Energy Release
Combustion involves combinations of the fuel with oxygen. Thus,
C + O₂ = CO₂
CH₄ + 2O₂ = CO₂+ 2H₂O
The basic reaction of our burning of carbon is the basis of our largest energy source - fossil fuels of various types, including coal , natural gas, and oil. Recall the energy in these bonds came originally from the solar energy captured by plants and then “processed” for millions of years (transformed over millions of years) under the pressure in the Earth.
Coal is mainly carbon, water, some hydrogen, and oxygen. There are many different kinds of coal. In addition to hydrogen and oxygen, coal also contains some small amounts of nitrogen, sulfur, and some other minerals. Most of the carbon in coal is bound so that here is only one C-C bond for every C atom. Thus, for calculating the energy release of C + O₂ = CO₂ in the case of coal, one assumes only the breaking of one C-C bond. As coal contains other ingredients, it works out that the actual yield of 1 Kg of coal is about 700 kcal. The contribution of CO₂ to global change is one of fundamental problems of our fossil fuels.
Aliphatic hydrocarbons are the basis of oil and natural gas. All saturated hydrocarbons react with oxygen at high temperatures to form carbon dioxide and water, and give off energy. This oxidation reaction is the basis of internal combustion engine. Gasoline normally contains hydrocarbons from C₆ to C₁₈, a mixture of over 100 compounds.
An example reaction of the combustion of a hydrocarbon is: C₇H₁₇ + 11CO₂ = 7CO₂ + 8H₂O + energy

1. Match English words with their Russian equivalents.

Дата выполнения: 21/12/2015

2-nd term К.р.1

Text 1
Refining
During the refining process, various components of crude oil are separated by their boiling points. In general, the longer the hydrocarbon molecule, the higher its boiling temperature
At the refinery oil is first heated in a furnace until most is vaporized. The hot vapour is then sprayed into a distilling column. Gasses rise in the distilling column and any remaining liquid falls. In the distilling column bubble trays are filled with liquid. The rising vapours bubble up through the trays and are cooled. The cooling vapours condense into liquid on the trays where they are then removed by sidedraws. Each liquid removed by cooling is called a cut. Heavy cuts come out at high temperatures, whereas light cuts come out at low temperatures.
In order of cooling temperatures, the cuts are heavy gas oil, light gas oil, kerosene, naphtha, and straight run gasoline. Gasoline is the refining product in most demand.)Gasoline is composed of short molecules with 5 to10 carbon atoms.(820)

1. Match English words with their Russian equivalents.

Дата выполнения: 16/05/2016

2-nd term К.р.2

Text 2
Cracking Process
A process called cracking is used to make gasoline from heavier cuts. The longer, less valuable molecules of other cuts are used as cracking stock. Cracking stock is put into cracking towers at the refinery where high temperatures and pressures and caustic chemicals split the longer molecules to form gasoline. There are several types of cracking, each giving different products:
· Steam cracking: The feedstock is preheated , vapourized and mixed with steam and then converted at 1250-1400°C to give high yields of low molecular mass alkenes.
· Catalytic cracking : The use of a silica/alumina catalyst enables the cracking to take place at the relatively lower temperatures of about 1000°C.
· Hydrocracking: The feedstock is mixed with hydrogen at a pressure of about 80 atm and cracked over a platinum or silica/alumina catalyst. This process has a high yield of branched alkanes, cyclic alkanes and aromatic compounds for use in unleaded gasoline(petrol).(943)

1.Match English words with their Russian equivalents.
cracking stock пар
caustic выход
split каталитический
hydrocracking исходное крекинг-сырье
alkenes ароматический
molecular mass неэтилированный (бензин)
branched Циклический
aromatic непредельные (ненасыщенные)
cyclic углеводороды,
unleaded (gas) Олефины
yield Едкий
steam расщеплять
catalytic разветвленный
молекулярная масса
едкий

2. Match the words from column A and B to form word collocation.

Дата выполнения: 16/05/2016

3-d term К.р.1

Text 1
Steam reforming
Steam reforming is a method for producing hydrogen or other useful products from hydrocarbon fuels such as natural gas. Steam reforming of natural gas sometimes referred to as steam methane reforming (SMR) is the most common method of producing commercial bulk hydrogen as well as the hydrogen used in the industrial synthesis of ammonia.
At high temperatures (700-1100°C) and in presence of a metal-based catalyst (nickel) ,steam reacts with methane to yield carbon monoxide and hydrogen. This is achieved in a processing device called a reformer in which steam reacts with fossil fuel at high temperature. The steam methane reformer is widely used in industry to make hydrogen.
There is also interest in the development of much smaller units based on similar technology to produce hydrogen as feedstock for fuel cells. Small-scale steam reforming units to supply fuel cells are currently the subject of research and development typically involving the reforming of natural gas but other fuels are also being considered such as propane and others. (880)

1.Match English words with their Russian equivalents.

Дата выполнения: 15/01/2016

3-d term К.р.2

Text 2
Shale Oil Processing
Shale oil extraction process decomposes oil shale and converts its kerogen into shale oil─ a petroleum –like synthetic crude oil. The process is conducted by pyrolysis ,hydrogenation, or thermal dissolution.
The oldest and the most common extraction method involves pyrolysis( also known as destructive distillation).In this process oil shale is heated in the absence of oxygen until its kerogen decomposes into condensable shale oil vapours and non- condensable combustible oil shale gas. Oil vapours and oil shale gas are then collected and cooled causing
the shale oil to condense .in addition, oil shale processing produces spent oil shale, which is a solid residue. Spent shale consists of inorganic compounds and char─carbonaceous residue formed from kerogen. Burning the char off the spent shale produces oil shale ash. Spent shale and shale ash can be used as ingredients in cement or brick manufacture. (800)

1.Match English words with their Russian equivalents.

Дата выполнения: 15/01/2016

Минобрнауки России
федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение
высшего профессионального образования
Санкт-Петербургский государственный технологический институт
(технический университет)
(СПбГТИ(ТУ))
Кафедра иностранных языков
И.В. Лобода, С.Б. Теремязева
ROBOTICS AND OIL INDUSTRY EQUIPMENT
Методические указания
для студентов механического факультета заочного отделения
(I-IV семестры)
(английский язык)
Санкт-Петербург
2014

Стоимость выполнения заданий по английскому языку уточняйте при заказе.

Федеральное агентство по образованию
Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования
Санкт-Петербургский технологический институт
(Технический университет)
Кафедра иностранных языков
Зинченко В.М.
Методические указания
Geschäftskontakte
(Деловые контакты)
Учебное пособие (немецкий язык)
Санкт-Петербург
2014

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Минобрнауки России
Федеральное государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования
Санкт-Петербургский государственный технологический институт
(технический университет)
Кафедра иностранных языков
Е.Я. Никитова
Environmental Engineering Protection
(часть II)
Практикум по дисциплине
Перевод научно-технической литературы
для студентов заочной формы обучения
по профилю Инженерная защита окружающей среды
«Environmental engineering protection»
(английский язык)
Санкт-Петербург
2015

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Минобрнауки России
Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования
Санкт-Петербургский государственный технологический институт
(технический университет)
Кафедра иностранных языков
Е.Я. Никитова
Environmental Engineering Protection
Методические указания
по дисциплине Иностранный язык (английский язык)
для студентов заочной формы обучения
по направлению Техносферная безопасность
Санкт-Петербург
2015

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Готовы следующие варианты заданий:

Часть 1, вариант 1

1. Прочтите и переведите текст.
The word environment means simply what is around us. Some people live in a town environment; for others, their environment is the countryside. Nowadays people understand how important it is to solve the environment problems that endanger people’s lives. The most serious environmental problems are: Pollution in its many forms (water pollution, air pollution, nuclear pollution). Noise from cars, buses, planes, etc. Destruction of wildlife and countryside beauty. Shortage of natural resources (metals, different kinds of fuel). The growth of population. Water Pollution. There is no ocean or sea, which is not used as a dump. Many seas are used for dumping industrial and nuclear waste. This poisons and kills fish and sea animals. “Nuclear-poisoned” fish can be eaten by people. Many rivers and lakes are poisoned too. Fish and reptiles can’t live in them. There is not enough oxygen in the water. In such places all the birds leave their habitats and many plants die. If people drink this water they can die too. It happens so because factories produce a lot of waste and pour it into rivers. So they poison water. Air pollution. Most of the pollution in big cities comes from cars and buses. More and more often people are told not to be in direct sunlight, because ultraviolet radiation from the sun can cause skin cancer. Normally the ozone layer in the atmosphere protects us from such radiation, but if there are holes in the ozone layer ultraviolet radiation can get to the earth. Many scientists think that these holes are the result of air pollution. Nuclear power stations can go wrong and cause nuclear pollution. Both clean air and clean water are necessary for our health. If people want to survive they must solve these problems quickly. Man is beginning to understand that his environment is not just his own town or country, but the whole earth. That’s why people all over the world think and speak so much about ecology.

Лексические задания
1. Переведите и выучите следующие термины:
1 environment (n)8 habitat (n)
2 solve (v) 9 waste (n) (v)
3 pollution (n) 10 pour (v)
4 nuclear (n) (adj) 11 holes in the ozone layer
5 dump (n) 12 health (n)
6 fuel (n) 13 survive (v)
7 reptile (n) 14 poison (n) (v)

2. Прочитайте и переведите следующие слова без словаря:
1 Serious 7 Metals
2 Form 8 Protect
3 Problem 9 Cancer
4 Destruction 10 ultraviolet radiation
5 Natural 11 Result
6 Resources 12 Station

3. Образуйте множественное число следующих существительных, объясните правила правописания (устно):
Country, car, sea, reptile, factory, layer, river, city, water, beauty, resource.

4. Определите часть речи, от какой части речи образовано слово, выделите суффикс:
Simply, environ mental, pollution, endanger, natural, population scientist, industrial, shortage, radiation, quickly, production, normally, growth.

5. Переведите следующие словосочетания:
Town environment, people’s lives, nuclear pollution, countryside beauty, skin cancer, ozone layer, power stations.

Грамматические задания
1. Найдите одно предложение с конструкцией there + to be, измените его по временам гр. Indefinite, образуйте вопросительные предложения.

2. Найдите одно предложение со сказуемым в Passive Voice, измените его по временам гр. Indefinite, образуйте вопросительную и отрицательную формы:

3. Найдите одно предложение со сказуемым – глаголом действия, измените по временам гр. Indefinite, образуйте вопросительную и отрицательную формы.

4. Найдите два предложения с модальным глаголом, образуйте вопросительную и отрицательную формы, измените время сказуемого, где возможно.

5. Образуйте степени сравнения от следующих прилагательных и наречий:
Simply, important, serious, many, different, much, often, clean, necessary, quickly, noisy, wild, natural.

6. Выпишите из текста неправильные глаголы - (12) в 3-х формах, запомните их.

Коммуникативные задания
1. Ответьте на вопросы, используя текст:
1. What does the word environment mean?
2. Name the most serious environmental problems.
3. How are seas and rivers often used by people?
4. Why do birds leave their habitats?
5. Where from does most of pollution come in big cities?
6. What diseases can ozone holes cause?

2. Переведите следующие высказывания:
a) The future is purchased by the present. Samuel Johnson
b) The environment is everything that isn`t me. Albert Einstein
c) Air pollution is turning Mother Nature prematually grey. Irv. Kupcinet
d) Nature thrives on patience, man – on impatience. Paul Boese1.

Часть 1, вариант 2

Прочтите и переведите текст
All the nations have the same basic environmental problems. In fact the problem of environment crisis has assumed global proportions. That is why many ecological problems can generally be solved only at the world community level. As nations we all share a single ecological space. Acid rains, for example, have no boundaries. Nuclear radiation does not respect administrative or national regions. All the nations must assume a position as responsible members of the world community level, cooperating in matters of environ mental protection. It’s important that we all work together to share, to overcome ecological disasters. Both scientists and politicians agree that if some radical steps are not taken, life on our planet may be damaged if not destroyed altogether, because the number of air pollutants is constantly growing. Ecological disasters do not happen by chance. Ignorance, lack of planning, greed and criminal neglect have been responsible for creating ecological distress zones throughout the world. Radioactive materials present health and safety problems in an increasing nu mber of countries. Underground nuclear-weapon tests are a major threat to the environment. Steps must be taken to do away with nuclear tests. The acid falls to earth with rain or snow that can damage anything from the monuments to living organism. The increase in traffic is another serious air pollution in our cities, because vehicles, not factories, produce most of toxic micro-particles, which do most harm. Some toxic gases appear in the atmosphere in critical concentration and carbon dioxide is expected to increase at rates that could change the world’s climate. The commonest air pollution comes from the cigarette smoke, which pollutes public places. Water pollution is another important problem. In several years tourists will find fewer beaches where it’s safe to swim. Urgent measures must be taken if we don’t want to leave a dangerous planet to future generations.

Лексические задания
1. Переведите и выучите следующие термины:
1 at the world community level 8 destroy (v)
2 acid rains 9 be responsible for (v)
3 boundary (n) 10 safety (n)
4 member (n) 11 nuclear–weapon test
5 over come (v) 12 threaten (v)
6 disaster (n) 13 harm (n) (v)
7 damage (n) (v) 14 urgent measures

2. Прочитайте и переведите следующие слова без словаря:
1 global proportions 7 Traffic
2 administrative regions 8 toxic gases
3 Politicians 9 critical concentration
4 radical steps 10 carbon dioxide
5 radioactive materials 11 Planning
6 living organisms 12 Position

1. Образуйте множественное число следующих существительных, объясните правила правописания (устно):
Community, boundary, disaster, life, chance, distress, country, city, particle, gas, place, beach, measure.

2. Определите часть речи, от какой части речи образовано слово, выделите суффикс:
Environ mental, global, ecological, administrative, national, politician, ignorance, planning, safety, concentration, dangerous, generation, protection, criminal.

3. Переведите следующие словосочетания:
A single ecological space, both scientists and politicians, by chance, throughout the world, to do away with, toxic micro-particles, urgent measures, world’s climate.

Грамматические задания
1. Найдите предложения с вводными “it”, образуйте вопросительную и отрицательную формы, измените сказуемое по временам гр. Indefinite.

2. Найдите сказуемое, определите время, образуйте вопросительную и отрицательную формы:
a. Radioactive materials present health and safety problems.
b. The increase in traffic is threatening seriously air pollution in our cities.
c. In several years tourists will find fewer beaches to swim.
d. The problem of environmental crisis has assumed global proportions

3. Найдите в тексте все предложения со сказуемыми содержащими глагол “to have”, определите функцию этого глагола в каждом предложении.

4. Найдите в тексте предложения с различными модальными глаголами. Образуйте вопросительную и отрицательную форму, измените по временам, где возможно.

5. Образуйте степени сравнения от следующих прилагательных и наречий:
Many, important, radical, serious, critical, common, few, safe, urgent, dangerous, much.

6. Выпишите из текста все неправильные глаголы - (10) в 3-х формах, запомните их.

Коммуникативные задания
1. Ответьте на вопросы, используя текст:
1. Why can all ecological problems be solved only at the world community level?
2. What are the main ecological pollutants?
3. Name the reasons of ecological disasters mentioned in the text.
4. Why dosetraffic increase air pollution in big cities?
5. What are the factors of air pollution?
6. How do nuclear tests affect the atmosphere of the Earth?

2. Переведите следующие высказывания:
a) Man is a complex being: he makes deserted bloom and lakes die. Gie Stern
b) Nature never betrays the heart that loved her. William Wordsworth
c) If the human race wants to go Hell in a basket, technology can help it get there by jet. Charles M. Allen
d) Civilization is just a slow process of learning to be kind. Charles L. Luca

Часть 2, вариант 1

Foreword
Прочтите и переведите текст
The recent diffusion of the term “industrial ecology” stems from its use by physicist Robert Frosch in a paper on environmentally favorable strategies for manufacturing co-authored with Nicholas Gallopolous published in September 1989 in Scientific American. Frosch embraced the concept of “industrial metabolism” which Robert Ayres has developed to organize thinking about the massive, systematic transformations of materials in modern economies. Industrial metabolism as well as dematerialization (the diminishing amount of material required for a good or service) had been explored at an August 1988 workshop of the National Academy of Engineering chaired by Frosch (Ausubel and Sladovich, 1988). Frosch sought a term that conveyed not only the sense of transformation but also the networks of actors doing the producing and consuming –or disposal – of materials and associated energy.
The National Academy of Sciences, in association with the AT&T Corporation, convened a “Colloquium on Industrial Ecology” chaired by Kumar Parel in May of 1991 to consider the subject more fully. The Colloquium addressed optimization of the total materials cycle, from virgin to finished material, including components, products, waste products, and ultimate disposal.
During the past few years, a growing number of researchers as well as practicing engineers and managers have been attracted to “industrial ecology”. The term appears to offer a framework within which to improve knowledge and decisions about materials use, waste reduction, and pollution prevention. Some dozen workshops, many organized by NAE, have explicitly addressed aspects of industrial ecology.

Лексические задания
1. Переведите и запомните следующие термины:
a.
1 embrace(v) 7 include (v)
2 diminish(v) 8 disposal (n)
3 amount (n) 9 attract (v)
4 explore (v) 10 reduction (n)
5 consume (v) 11 ultimate (adj)
6 virgin (adj) 12 researcher (n)
b. Прочтите и переведите слова без словоря:
1 physicist 7 associate
2 strategy 8 optimization
3 publish 9 cycle
4 concept 10 component
5 transformation 11 prevention
6 dematerialization 12 aspect

1. Образуйте существительное от следующих глаголов:
to diffuse, to organize, to transform, to require, to explore, to produce, to consume, to associate, to dispose, to grow, to manage, to attract, to decide, to reduce, to prevent.

2. Образуйте прилагательные от следующих существительных:
industry, environment, favour, strategy, mass, system, practice, ecology, nation.

3. Образуйте существительные означающие деятеля(doers)от следующих слов:
Physics, ecology, to publish, to manufacture, to organize, economy, science, to produce, to research, to use, material, to transform.

4. Организуйте следующие слова согласно правилам чтения –ed [d] [id] [t]:
Co-authored, published, embraced, explored chaired, addressed, finished, attracted, organized, developed, required, convened.

Грамматические задания
1.Найдите предложение в Perfect Form, определите время и залог сказуемого.

2. Сгруппируйте все – ing формы в две группы: a) Participle I; b) Gerund.

3. Найдите предложение с Рarticiple II, определите функции, переведите.

4. Найдите предложение с Infinitive,определите функции, переведите.

5. Образуйте вопросительную и отрицательную формы:
a. The term “industrial ecology” stems from its use by physicist Robert Frosch.
b. Frosch sought a term to convey the sense of transformation.
c. Some workshops have addressed aspects of industrial ecology.

Коммуникативные задания
1. Ответьте на вопросы, используя текст:
1) When did the term «industrial ecology» first appear?
2) What does the term «industrial metabolism» mean?
3) Who was the co-author of Robert Frosch?
4) What organization convened a «Colloquium on Industrial ecology»?
5) What problem does the «Colloquium» consider?
6) What kinds of specialists are attached to industrial ecology?
7) What aspects of industrial ecology does your faculty deal with?

2. Переведите цитаты:
a) In creating, the only hard thing is to begin.
James Russell Lowell
b) Experience teaches only teachable.
Aldous Huxley
c) What you really value is what you miss, not what you value.
Jorge Luis Borges
d) As we acquire more knowledge, things do not become more comprehensive, but more mysterious.
Albert Scbweitzer

Часть 2, вариант 2

How Industrial Ecology Got Its Name.
Прочтите и переведите текст
The name of phrase “industrial ecology” primarily implies that models of non-human biological systems and their interactions in nature are instructive for industrial systems that we design and operate. What makes the biological model attractive? Foremost is the cleverness with which evolution has developed things to live off the bodies and wastes of one another. Additionally, during the past few decades ecologists appear to have developed some skill at understanding systems by analyzing or depicting their flows and cycles of materials and energy.
A more problematic question is efficiency. Ecosystems are not necessarily examples of efficiency. Even the most efficient ecosystem, say, a corn field, captures only about 5 percent of solar energy as the product of photosynthate. In the summertime, most of the energy overheats the plant or evaporates water that the plant needs to keep turgid. In a mature, stagnating forest (likely to please the eyes of a naturalist), decay returns the CO2 in the photosynthate to the air, making the efficiency zero.
The proposition that industrial systems may be beneficially viewed as ecosystems merits critical probing. An early step is simply to articulate a vocabulary matching or accommodating different morphologies. Research should also explore the applicability to industry of ecology’s concepts (adaptive pathways, food webs, limiting factors, energy and material budgets) and rules.

Лексические задания
1. Переведите и запомните следующие термины:
a.
1 interaction (n) 6 applicability (n)
2 depict (v) 7 mature (adj)
3 efficiency (n) 8 solar (adj)
4 capture (n) 9 flow (v,n)
5 decay (n) 10 stagnate (v)
b.Прочтите и переведите слова без словаря:
1 Phrase 6 analyze
2 Instructive 7 problematic
3 Design 8 photosynthate
4 Evolution 9 adaptive
5 Decade 10 articulate

1. Образуйте существительные от следующих глаголов:
To interact, to operate, to attract, to develop, to depict, to evaporate, to stagnate, to articulate, to explore, to apply, to propose, to instruct, to add, to probe.

2. Образуйте прилагательные от следующих существительных:
Biology, nature, cleverness, addition, problem, efficiency, product, benefit, critic, morphology, phrase.

3. Найдите английские эквиваленты в тексте:
Жить за счет тела и отходов друг друга; нечеловеческие системы; привлекательная модель; развить какие-то навыки; эффективная экосистема; энергия перегревает планету; загнивающий лес; применимость к промышленности; подходящий путь.

4. Организуйте следующие глаголы по правилам чтения –ed [d] [id] [t]
Operated, appeared, captured, planted, evaporated, viewed, matched, designed, depicted, heated, explored.

Грамматические задания
1. Найдите предложения в Perfect Form, определите время и залог сказуемого.

2. Сгруппируйте все – ing формы в две группы: a) Participle I; b) Gerund.

3. Найдите предложения с модальными глаголами, образуйте вопросительную и отрицательную формы.

4. Найдите предложения в инфинитиве, определите функцию, переведите.

5. Образуйте вопросительную и отрицательную формы:
a. A more problematic question is efficiency.
b. Even the most efficient ecosystem captures only about 5 percent of solar energy.
c. During the past few decades ecologists developed some skill at understanding systems.

Коммуникативные задания
1. Ответьте на вопросы используя текст:
1) What does industrial ecology design and operate?
2) What skills have been developed by ecologists during the past few decades?
3) What does efficiency of ecosystems mean?
4) What was an early step in defining the term «industrial ecology»?
5) What other ecology`s concepts should research explore?
6) How do you understand flows and cycles of materials and energy as a future engineer?

2. Переведите цитаты:
a) Research is to see what everybody has seen, and to think what nobody else has thought.
Albert Szent-Gyorgyi
b) Our lifetime may be the last that will be lived out in a technological society.
Isaac Azimov
c) The human race has improved everything except the human race.
Adlai Stevenson
d) Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic.
Artbur C. Clarke

Минобрнауки России
федеральное государственное образовательное учреждение высшего образования
Санкт-Петербургский государственный технологический институт
(технический университет)
Кафедра иностранных языков
В.М. Зинченко
DEUTSCH FÜR FERNSTUDIUM
(Немецкий язык для заочной формы обучения)
Учебное пособие
Санкт-Петербург
2018

Стоимость выполнения контрольной работы по немецкому языку уточняйте при заказе.