АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК
Учебно-методическое пособие
для студентов-заочников
факультета "Автоматизированные системы управления
технологическими процессами"
Санкт-Петербург
2007
Стоимость выполнения контрольных работ уточняйте при заказе.
Выполнены следующие варианты:
Вариант 1, К.р. 1, 2, 3, 4
Вариант 2, К.р. 1, 2
Вариант 3, К.р. 1
Вариант 4, К.р. 1, 2, 3, 4
Вариант 01
Контрольная работа 1
Упражнение №1. Перепишите предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова с окончанием –s и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:
а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Simple;
б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;
в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.
Переведите предложения.
1. For explanation of each term you can see the user’s reference.
2. When you type a command your computer receives input from your keyboard and usually sends output to your screen.
3. All application programs that run in Windows use similar commands and procedures.
Упражнение №2. Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности переводов на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным (цепочка существительных) и стоящих перед существительным (левое определение).
1. This communication program serves for connecting to outside information over phone lines.
2. Years of research went into developing the prototype of today’s popular graphical user interfaces.
Упражнение №3. Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык разных степеней сравнения прилагательных и наречий.
1. One of the examples of a simpler, less expensive secondary memory medium is the audio tape cassette.
2. The harder the instruction word, the more power is implemented.
3. In all types of computer systems, from the smallest dedicated microprocessor system to the largest full size computer, memory plays a very essential part.
Упражнение №4. Перепишите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод неопределенных и отрицательных местоимений.
1. In any conventional programming language complex problems require special programming technology.
2. There is no one BASIC language, but something like 90 different versions or dialects.
3. In certain versions of BASIC the interpreter is loaded from some external source.
Упражнение №5. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык слов it, one (one’s), that, these, those в разных значениях.
1. It is useful to have a sytem that has enough memory to accomodate the largest application program.
2. When an instruction is completed the PC selects another one.
3. It was the invention of the computer that revolutionized the thinking process.
Упражнение №6. Перепишите предложения, определите в них залог и временные формы глаголов, укажите их инфинитив, переведите предложения.
1. Today all the computers are broadly classified as special-purpose and general-purpose computers.
2. In the following decades various industries will develop systems of electronic data interchange.
3. The operators supervise the state of the machine tools.
Упражнение №7. Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык предложений с оборотом there is (are).
1. At present there is a kind of memory called ROM (Read Only Memory) which is permanent memory chip for program storage.
2. There was no way of using computer of such small capacity.
Упражнение №8. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.
THE FUTURE OF CYBERSPACE
1. In the last thirty years, the Internet has grown dramatically. In 1983, only 200 computers were connected to the Internet: now there are millions and this growth is going to continue. Some experts are pessimistic about the future. One worry is the activity of cyber-criminals. Even now, young hackers can get into the computers of banks and governments. In the future, cyber-terrorists may “attack” the world’s computers, cause chaos and make planes and trains crash.
2. However, many people are optimistic about the future of the Internet. Already users can buy books, find out about holiday offers, book tickets, go shopping and get all sorts of information from the Internet. It is clear that the Net is as interesting and exciting as the people and organizations that are connected to it. The Internet enables you to do a lot of things simultaneously. You can read the latest copy of your favorite newspaper and send e-mail to someone. The arrival of digital TV promises even more exciting things. Some specialists beleive that in the future the television will be probably replaced by the Internet. The postal service may also disappear with the increasing use of e-mail. We will probably live in virtual reality; we will work in virtual offices, shop in virtual supermarkets, and we will even study in virtual schools and universities.
Упражнение №9. Выпишите из второго абзаца текста предложения, содержащие прилагательные в одной из степеней сравнения.
Упражнение №10. Прочитайте 1-й абзац текста. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос.
Why are some experts pessimistic about the future of the Internet?
1. We will probably live in virtual reality.
2. The television will be probably replaced by the Internet.
3. In the future cyber-terrorists may “attack” the world’s computers and cause chaos.
Контрольная работа 2
Упражнение №1. Перепишите предложения, определите в них залог и временные формы глагола. Переведите предложения.
1. It was reported that this group of engineers had obtained all the necessary information for their work.
2. These computers are being operated by the programmes.
3. The invention of computers was spoken of at the last lecture.
Упражнение №2. Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения.
1. For a digital computer information has to be in the form of digits or numbers.
2. Any information may be represented by the binary system including two digits: one (1) and zero (0).
3. One should know the difference between the digital and analog computers.
Упражнение №3. Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните в них причастия и определите их функцию. Переведите предложения.
1. Engineers working on the same project communicate among themselves and share information.
2. Only when combined with a production system, robots will be used as helpers for economic and productivity increase.
Упражнение №4. Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните в них герундий и определите его функцию. Переведите предложения.
1. In a computer the memory serves the function of storing instructions, data and results of computation.
2. Logical operations include comparing, selecting, sorting, matching, etc.
3. The control is performed by decoding the contents of Instruction Register.
Упражнение №5. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.
THE RAPID RATE OF TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE AND THE USER
1. The first microcomputer was built in 1975. Since that time many models have been introduced with increasing speeds and capacities. Microcomputers are used at schools, in homes, and in offices. Today sophisticated software is made up of hundreds of thousands of instructions. The advance of technology continues making the buying decision more complex. It isn’t just hardware – new, improved sofware packages appear on the market almost as soon as users have mastered the prior ones.
2. What’s driving this continual march? There is no doubt that users want more powerful, easier-to-use technology. There is also no doubt that computer firms want to turn out more product to generate more profits. So what if users want to stay with what they have now? Staying with the old software is possible. You can still use the software to do what you’ve always done, but you risk being left behind by the last-moving train of technological advance. No one wants to be left behind, watching everyone else move up to the new technology standards.
3. So there are risks to standing still. But there are also risks to forever riding the wave of technological advance which can be expensive. You have to throw out perfectly good hardware and software and purchase the latest available. Your new computing equipment should help you become more productive. But what do you do when the next sofware or the next microprocessor come out? When should you upgrade again? Unfortunately, there are no easy answers, just a wide range of options.
Упражнение №6. Выпишите из 1-го абзаца текста причастия и укажите, какие функции в предложениях они выполняют.
Упражнение №7. Выпишите из 3-го абзаца текста герундий и укажите его функции в предложении.
Упражнение №8. Прочитайте 2-й абзац текста и ответьте на вопрос:
Does the end user have any risk using old software and hardware?
Контрольная работа 3
Упражнение №1. Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните инфинитив и укажите его функцию. Переведите предложения.
1. To solve complex problems is the main purpose of the computers.
2. To solve complex problems we use different computers.
3. The problem to consider is very important.
Упражнение №2. Перепишите предложения. Переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода сложного подлежащего и сложного дополнения. Подчеркните указанные конструкции.
1. Our engineers want the complex problems to be solved by computers.
2. Instructions in high-level programming languages are considered to be easier for humans to use than those in machine or assembly languages.
Упражнение №3. Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните независимый причастный оборот. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на особенности перевода указанной конструкции.
1. The specialists use computers widely, the latter helping in performing computations at great speeds.
2. The previous instruction being completed, the Program Counter selects a new one.
3. A printer’s line is usually between 60 and 150 characters long, with 120 characters, being a common length.
Упражнение №4. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод разных типов условных предложений.
1. If he had not investigated these phenomena, he would not have had such interesting results.
2. Could we improve the control system, the problem would be solved.
3. If we use the expert system, the results will be better.
Упражнение №5. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.
The Internet
1. The Internet has been growing rapidly since its creation in 1983, radio, telephone and cable television wires, satellites, being used to deliver Internet services. By the mid-1990s the Internet linked millions of computers throughout the world and it is sure to be the most important commercial and popular means of communication nowadays. The original uses of the Internet were electronic mail, file transfer, bulletin boards and remote computer access. Having expanded considerably during the 1991s, the World Wide Web enables easily to examine the Internet sites and now it is likely to have become the leading information service of the Internet.
2. Millions of people around the world use the Internet to search for and retrieve information in a wide variety of areas including the arts, business, government, news, politics and recreation. People communicate through electronic mail (e-mail), discussion groups and other means of information exchange. They share information and make commercial and business transactions. All this activity is possible because tens of thousands of networks are connected to the Internet and exchange information in the same basic ways.
Упражнение №6. Выпишите из 1-го абзаца текста:
а) независимый причастный оборот и переведите его;
б) сложные подлежащие, переведите их.
Упражнение №7. Прочитайте2-й абзац текста и ответьте на вопрос:
Why are so many activities possible through the Internet?
Контрольная работа 4
Упражнение №1. Перепишите предложения. Переведите их, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение. Подчеркните придаточное предложение.
1. The application programs are not concerned with the location of any data they use.
2. One knows the more memory you have in your computer the faster it works.
Упражнение №2. Перепишите предложения. Переведите их. Подчеркните глаголы to have и to be и определите их функции в предложении.
1. The first digital computer was built in 1946 at the University of Pennsylvania.
2. This unit has to perform different arithmetic operations.
3. This invention has a great future.
Упражнение №3. Перепишите предложения. Переведите их, обращая внимание на различные грамматические значения и функции глаголов should и would.
1. Could we improve the control system, the problem would be solved.
2. Provided we used this method, we should obtain better results.
3. It is necessary that the program should be written in advance.
Упражнение №4. Перепишите предложения. Переведите их, обращая внимание на различные значения подчеркнутых слов.
1. Logical operations may be performed either on numbers or on expressions consisting of letters such as ordinary words.
2. Charles Babbage’s machine could not operate since there were no reliable and accurate electrical equipment at the beginning of the 18-th century.
3. Neither the configuration of the hardware nor the software was chosen correctly for solving given task.
Упражнение №5. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.
1. When computers were first introduced in the 1940’s and 50’s, every program written had to provide instructions that told the computer how to use devices such as the printer, how to store information on a disk, as well as how to perform several other tasks not necessarily related to the program. The additional program instructions for working with hardware devices were very complex and time consuming. So the programmers faced problems which should be solved.
2. The programmers soon realized it would be smarter to develop one program that could control the computer’s hardware. If other programmers had needed such program, they would have used it. Because of these reasons they created the first operating system. Today operating systems control and manage the use of hardware devices such as the printer or mouse, provide disk management by letting you store information in files and let you run programs such as basic word processor. Lastly, the operating system provides several of its own commands that help you to use the computer.
3. Windows 95 and Windows 98 being DOS compatible are still the most popular user-oriented operating systems with friendly interface and multitasking capabilities. The new series of operating systems by Microsoft are Windows Millennium, Windows 2000 and Windows XP. Each of these new products is addressed to the both corporate and private clients. New strategy of the Microsoft is aimed at creating a one for all product, which is to be useful for both beginners and advanced users.
Упражнение №7. Выпишите из 3-го абзаца текста глагол to be в различных функциях и укажите их.
Упражнение №8. Прочитайте 2-й абзац текста и ответьте на вопрос:
Why was it necessary for the programmers to create an operating system?
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