Иностранный язык

Высшая школа технологии и энергетики СПбГУПТД

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК
Учебно-методическое пособие
для студентов-заочников
факультета "Автоматизированные системы управления
технологическими процессами"
Санкт-Петербург
2007

Стоимость выполнения контрольных работ уточняйте при заказе.
Выполнены следующие варианты:
Вариант 1, К.р. 1, 2, 3, 4
Вариант 2, К.р. 1, 2
Вариант 3, К.р. 1
Вариант 4, К.р. 1, 2, 3, 4

Вариант 04

Контрольная работа 1
Упражнение №1. Перепишите предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова с окончанием –s и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:
а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Simple;
б) признаком множественно числа имени существительного;
в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.
Переведите предложения.
1. From the customers’ point of view the computer had the best hardware.
2. The word interface refers to the way you interact with your computer.
3. Today most robots are used in manufacturing operation.

Упражнение 2. Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным (цепочка существительных) и стоящих перед существительным (левое определение).
1. The purpose of storage hardware is to store computer instructions and data.
2. The monitor is a component with a display screen for viewing computer data, television programmes.
3. Software is the final computer system component.

Упражнение №3. Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык разных степеней сравнения прилагательных и наречий.
1. Information sent over the Internet takes the shortest path available from one computer to another.
2. We structure our computers from several processors, arrange them so that the greater the number of the processors, the faster the supercomputer.
3. The new computer programme was much longer than the previous one, but as reliable as possible.

Упражнение №4. Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык неопределенных и отрицательных местоимений.
1. Any information may be represented in digital form.
2. Physically the set of bits is a set of arrangements of some physical equipment.
3. The programme had no mistakes and could be loaded at ones.

Упражнение №5. Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык слов it, one (ones), that, these, those в разных значениях.
1. It was Norbert Weiner who was recognized as the father of cybernetics.
2. One should remember about timing problem (when executing) an instruction.
3. That computer is more efficient than the old one.

Упражнение №6. Перепишите предложения, определите в них залог и временные формы глаголов, укажите их инфинитив, переведите предложения.
1. These digits are easily multiplied.
2. The first microcomputer was built in 1975.
3. Bill Gates made some changes to DOS-operating system and renamed it MS-DOS.
Упражнение №7. Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык предложений c оборотом there is (are).
1. There are mathematical and logical operations performed by a computer.
2. There was no possibility to use that configuration of hardware for solving the task.
3. Are there any mistakes in the new program?

Упражнение №8. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.
INTEL OPENS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER
1. Intel, the world’s leading microprocessor producer, has opened a research and development centre in St. Petersburg. The new centre will boost the city’s economy and help Russia to promote the computer technology. The St. Petersburg centre will play a key role in developing the basic building blocks of ‘Management Environment’ technology. The applications will help to run faster and more efficiently, and higher quality software will be developed much faster.
2. The market in Russia and St. Petersburg continues to grow and smart people are needed to serve this market and better help it. For these reasons Intel decided to open a lab here. All the lab employers were subcontracted from St. Petersburg Elbrus, a leader in computer technology research. In St. Petersburg 5000 students start studying computer programming every year. The city has a very big potential and is home to some of the best computer engineers in the world. This project is very good for Russia because this actually means that local talented engineers can stay on, be employed by one of the biggest, world-class companies. They can apply their knowledge, be used and also they can earn decent salaries.

Упражнение № 9. Выпишите из первого абзаца текста предложения, содержащие прилагательные в одной из степеней сравнения.

Упражнение № 10. Прочитайте 2-й абзац текста. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащий правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос.
Why does Intel decide to open the center in St. Petersburg?
1. The company needs to develop new product.
2. The company wants to pay high salaries to St. Petersburg computer engineers.
3. The company needs the new computer market and smart people to serve it.

Контрольная работа 2
Упражнение № 1. Перепишите предложения; определите залог и временные формы глаголов. Укажите их инфинитивы. Переведите предложения.
1. The PC hardware has been upgraded.
2. The experiments on the new microcomputer were carried out during the whole month.
3. After the computer had received the data it began to process the information. The development of MS-DOS was followed by Microsoft Windows.

Упражнение № 2. Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения.
1. We have to continue developing automatic control for industry, business, education and scientific research.
2. A smart robot should be able to think, sense and move any material part or device through variable programmed motions.
3. The device may be used to process information.

Упражнение № 3. Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните в них причастия и определите их функцию. Переведите предложения.
1. The operator pressing the keys makes the calculator operate.
2. Discussing the advantages of the new memory unit the professor gave the students all the necessary explanations.
3. The time required to transmit one computer word out of the memory to where it will be used is called the memory access time.

Упражнение № 4. Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните в них герундий и определите его функцию. Переведите предложения.
1. After compiling the instruction the Program Counter selects a new one.
2. He is responsible for writing the computer program.
3. Selecting one type over the other is almost a choice between the cost of the machine and computational speed.

Упражнение № 5. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.
SOME MORE FACTS ABOUT COMPUTERS
1. The history of computing covers less than two hundred years. The early years from 1830-1950 were considered its infancy. Charles Babbage invented the difference and the analytical engine. The difference engine was used in finding errors in handwritten tables. The analytical engine was designed for mathematical computations. This machine had five features found in today’ computer hardware: there must be input, processing, output, controlling and storage devices.
2. The vacuum tube was used as primary computer component during the first generation of computers. Punched cards and magnetic tape were used for secondary storage. The second generation computers were significantly improved with the transistor. The integrated circuit replaced the transistors in the third generation computers. The fourth generation introduced the microprocessor on a chip. The semiconductor chip is made of a crystalline substance conducting electricity. When introduced the chip greatly influenced the computer technology. The fifth generation has arrived recently. New areas are developing in this generation, including artificial intelligence, expert systems and natural languages.
3. A wide variety of computers are used today, but they can be broadly classified as special and general-purpose computers. You should know the difference. Special-purpose computers are able to accept only certain types of input and present a narrow range of outputs. The most common kind of general-purpose computer in use today is the personal computer or microcomputer. It gets the name microcomputer from the tiny electronic device, called the microprocessor, that does the actual processing.

Упражнение № 6. Выпишите из 1-го абзаца текста герундий и укажите его функции.

Упражнение № 7. Выпишите из 2-го абзаца текста причастия и укажите их функции.

Упражнение № 8. Прочитайте 3-й абзац текста и ответьте на вопрос:

Does the personal computer belong to special-purpose or general-purpose computers?

Контрольная работа 3
Упражнение №1. Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните инфинитив и укажите его функции. Переведите предложения.
1. To make possible communication from a human being and a computer is the main purpose of the input unit.
2. Information has to be in the from of digits or characters for a digital computer.
3. The input to be described here is a new device.

Упражнение №2. Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните сложное подлежащее и сложное дополнение. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на особенности перевода указанных конструкций.
1. The magnetic recording is done on a disk which permits an information to be stored or read at one or several points on it.
2. FORTRAN is said to be a machine independent programming language.

Упражнение №3. Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните независимый причастный оборот. Переведите, обращая внимание на особенности перевода указанной конструкции.
1. Microprocessors being programmable logic systems, they can perform different jobs functions.
2. A personal computer is a small computer based on a microcomputer, the latter being also called a microprocessor.

Упражнение №4. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на виды условных предложений.
1. Provided we used this method, we would obtain better results.
2. If they have enough time, they will repeat their experiment.

Упражнение №5. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.
SOME MORE FACTS ABOUT THE INTERNET
1. The Internet originally appeared as the US Department of Defence programme. Established in 1968, this programme was to provide a secure communications network for organizations, each being engaged in defence research work. Scientists were allowed to use this network and later a similar and parallel network named National Science Foundation Net (shortly NSFNet) was created. Using much of the first technology the new network was able to handle greater amount of data carrying it at a rate of 45 million bit per second.
2. Nowadays, on the one hand, the Internet development is known to be governed by the Internet Architecture Board. On the other hand, the Internet Network Information Centre is responsible for the naming of computers and networks. To expand the network’s utility a lot of programmes are being developed, the network games, monetary transactions, virtual museums also helping to test the limits of Internet technology.
3. It should be noted that companies often develop private internal networks for sharing information and collaborating within the company, these networks usually being isolated from the surrounding Internet by special computer-security system.

Упражнение №6. Выпишите из 2-го абзаца текста сложное подлежащее и переведите его.

Упражнение №7. Выпишите из 3-го абзаца текста независимый причастный оборот и переведите его.

Упражнение №8. Прочитайте 1-й абзац текста и ответьте на вопрос: What was the Internet originally designed for?

Контрольная работа 4
Упражнение №1. Перепишите предложения. Переведите их, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение.
1. The device our plant produces help to automate production processes.
2. Some experts think we will live in virtual reality.

Упражнение №2. Перепишите предложения и переведите их. Подчеркните глаголы to have и to be и определите их функцию в предложении.
1. This ordinary adding machine has ten keys for each column of digits.
2. This article was to show the results of research work.
3. This personal computer has been constructed at our laboratory.

Упражнение №3. Перепишите предложения и переведите их, укажите различные грамматические функции и значения глаголов should и would.
1. If I were you, I shouldn’t use this unreliable program.
2. Should the source document change, the secondary document containing pasted data would change too.
3. We supposed they would use other kind of memory for solving the task.

Упражнение №4. Перепишите предложения, обращая внимание на различные значения выделенных слов.
1. As the power of microcomputers increases, they can be used either as a central computer providing processing for several user terminals or as a more powerful single computer for an individual user.
2. Since the transistor was invented, no single electronics has had such an impact as microcomputer.
3. We could not use this device for it was not reliable.

Упражнение №5. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.
COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN (CAD)
1. The introduction of microprocessors and computers has made possible the development of computer-aided design (CAD) technologies. When using these systems a designer draws a part and indicates its dimensions with the help of either a mouse, light pen, or other input device. After the drawing has been completed the computer automatically gives the instructions that are to direct a machining centre to machine the part. Since CAD can create models in three dimensions and can offer the viewer different perspectives instantly, the program is inevitable to almost anyone who deals with design.
2. In late 1981 John Walker decided the time was right to form a software-only company. He foresaw a rise in popularity of mass-market computer systems coming from large companies. Walker realized all these machines would need software to run on them. The new company was formed in 1982 as a limited partnership of 16 people. One of the software products the new company decided to market was a graphics program called Interact. It was to become the basis of AutoCAD, one of the most successful computer-aided design program.
3. Due to AutoCAD computer system costing from 10 to 15 thousand dollars was able to do much the same as systems costing $70 thousand, namely to draw two- and three-dimensional objects using the computer rather than T-squares, rules, pencils and pens. It was an immediate hit. Today, AutoCAD remains the industry standard in computer-aided design software.

Упражнение №6. Выпишите из 1-го абзаца текста глагол to be в функции модального глагола.

Упражнение №7. Выпишите из 2-го абзаца текста:
а) предложения, содержащие бессоюзное подчинение и подчеркните придаточное бессоюзное предложение.
б) предложение, содержащее глагол would и укажите его функцию.

Упражнение №8. Прочитайте 3-й абзац текста и выберите номер правильного ответа на поставленный вопрос:
Why was AutoCAD a great innovation on the computer market?
1. It enabled the user to design objects in color.
2. It enables the user to calculate the dimensions of objects.
3. It enabled the user to design objects without rules and pencils, using a very inexpensive application program.