Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования
Санкт-Петербургский государственный технологический университет растительных полимеров
В.В. КИРИЛЛОВА
Т.В. ЛИОРЕНЦЕВИЧ
Т.С. ШАРАПА АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК
Учебно-методическое пособие
для студентов 1 курса заочного факультета
по направлениям: «Химическая технология»,
«Технологические машины и оборудование» и
«Энерго- и ресурсосберегающие процессы в химической технологии, нефтехимии и биотехнологии»
Санкт-Петербург
2013
Выполнены все варианты:
Вариант 1
Контрольная работа 1
Упражнение № 1. Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным (цепочка существительных) и стоящих перед существительным (левое определение).
1. Paper sheet passes through steam heated iron cylinders.
2. The soft and hard rolls are large diameter units.
3. A cooling system automatically starts blowing cool air onto the roll ends.
Упражнение № 2. Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык разных форм степеней сравнения прилагательных и наречий.
1. The surface of this paper is as smooth and uniform as is prescribed by the standard.
2. The coating of this boxboard is less important than that of a glossy paper.
3. The more is the cost of paper the better are its properties.
Упражнение № 3. Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык слов it, one (one’s), that, these, those в разных значениях.
1. It is important to know what raw material the paper is made of.
2. One of paper-making methods is called a dry process.
3. This engine is more powerful than that of the old type.
Упражнение № 4. Перепишите предложения, определите в них временные формы глаголов, укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения.
1. Chips and liquor enter the top of the digester.
2. The use of noise absorbers improved the noise performance of the chipper.
3. The paper making machine forms paper sheets.
Упражнение № 5. Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Предложения переведите.
1. If a superheater is used to heat the web, it is to be cooled to the condensation temperature.
2. Today any kind of fiber can be utilized to make paper.
3. The water squeezed from the paper should be absorbed by the felt which therefore has to be porous.
Упражнение № 6. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.
1. Paper is a felted sheet of fibers formed on a fine screen from a water suspension. When the water drains away, the remaining fibers must be removed from the screen and dried. Sheets of paper were made from disintegrated fibers upon a flat mould before the time of Christ and paper is still formed in this fashion. The only difference is between the construction of the moulds and the treatment of the fiber. Thus the fundamental principle of papermaking involves 2 basic factors: the fibers and the mould.
2. From ancient times, Chinese papermakers had wisely selected almost all kinds of plants known to the modern paper industry. These plants give the best fibers for the papermaking and are most economical in cost. The application of chemical agents for sizing, loading, coating, coloring, and dyeing was also
known to them. The use of cheap water contributed not only to the swelling and bonding of the fibers. Water also increased the mechanical strength of the paper. Vat, mould and presses used many centuries ago in China are still basic to mo-dern papermaking. It also refers to the process of maceration, washing, lifting, pressing and drying. Historians of paper agree that ancient principles and practice of papermaking are the basis upon which modern paper making machines are designed and operated.
Упражнение № 7. Выпишите из 2-го абзаца предложение, содержащее прилагательные в одной из степеней сравнения.
Упражнение № 8. Прочитайте 1-й абзац текста. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос.
Did the manufacture of paper change over the years as compared to the beginning of its development?
1. It did not change at all.
2. It changed fundamentally.
3. The treatment of the fibers and the construction of mould changed, but the basic technique remained unchanged: paper is still formed as it was before the time of Christ.
Контрольная работа 2
Упражнение № 1. Перепишите предложения, определите в них залог и временные формы глаголов. Укажите их инфинитивы. Переведите предложения.
1. The properties of the paper are influenced by refining.
2. Some waste paper is given special chemical treatment.
3. The cooking is followed by careful washing.
Упражнение № 2. Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните в них причастия и определите их функцию. Предложения переведите.
1. The knots, chips and uncooked pieces of wood removed from the stock are used as fuels.
2. They used the existing recovery system
3. Sulfur dioxide, when dissolved in water, forms a weak acid which reacts with lignin.
Упражнение № 3. Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните в них герундий и определите его функцию. Предложения переведите.
1. The process of removing fibers from the solid wood is called “pulping.”
2. Stock preparation includes systems for broke handling and cleaning of mixed stock.
3. The main collecting belt is used for conveying chips into the feeder.
Упражнение № 4. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните инфинитив, укажите его функцию. Предложения переведите.
1. Each mill must have its own system of equipment based on the grades of paper to be produced.
2. The spent cooking liquor is removed from the pulp and burned to recover the cooking chemicals.
3. To push the logs against the surface of the stone is the function of the pistons.
Упражнение № 5. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.
Chipping
1. Chipping in the forest has many advantages. There are tree chippers which lift up the tree, swallow it at one end and spew chips at the other end. But at the same time there are a few disadvantages in this operation. In the swallowing of the whole tree, the bark which is undesirable for pulping is also ground up into chips. This causes darker and dirtier pulp and makes the bleaching problem more difficult. Nevertheless, the disadvantage is overcome by the greater yield.
2. But the manufacturers prefer to chip logs at a saw and woodworking mills. The chipper MD-05 is one of the recent models which cut wood into accepted (отсортированный) chips. The main parts of the chipper are a chipping mechanism and a drive. The chipping mechanism consists of a cutter disc with twelve chipping knives on it. The cutter disc is driven by electric motor. The wood is fed by a conveyor into the chipping zone where it is cut into chips. The quality of the chips is affected by a special mechanism which discharges the chips without shocks. The chips pass through the slots under the knives to the back (тыльная сторона) of the disc and then through the window located on the back side of the chipping mechanism and the chute to the receiving conveyor.
Упражнение № 6. Прочитайте 2-ой абзац, выпишите глаголы в пассивном залоге и переведите их.
Упражнение № 7. Прочитайте 1-ый абзац, перепишите вопрос и письменно ответьте на него:
What is the disadvantage of chipping in the forest?
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