Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования
Санкт-Петербургский государственный технологический университет растительных полимеров
В.В. КИРИЛЛОВА
Т.В. ЛИОРЕНЦЕВИЧ
Т.С. ШАРАПА АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК
Учебно-методическое пособие
для студентов 1 курса заочного факультета
по направлениям: «Химическая технология»,
«Технологические машины и оборудование» и
«Энерго- и ресурсосберегающие процессы в химической технологии, нефтехимии и биотехнологии»
Санкт-Петербург
2013
Выполнены все варианты:
Вариант 4
Контрольная работа 1
Упражнение № 1. Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным (цепочка существительных) и стоящих перед существительным (левое определение).
1. Cleaner surfaces increase paper quality.
2. This process continues at high roll temperatures.
3. Greater grinder capacity lowers pulp cost.
Упражнение № 2. Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык разных форм степеней сравнения прилагательных и наречий.
1. This new technology gives higher speed production at lower investment costs.
2. The new paper machine is one of the largest of its kind.
3. The more ingredients include mechanical pulp the higher its yield will be.
Упражнение № 3. Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык слов it, one (one’s), that, these, those в разных значениях.
1. Paper is the product that everybody knows.
2. Now we employ new methods of work, not old ones.
3. It is this cooking which dissolves the resins and glue-like lignin and causes the fibers to separate.
Упражнение № 4. Перепишите предложения, определите в них временные формы глаголов, укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения.
1. Semi-chemical pulps produce stiff products.
2. Paper machine tests showed excellent results.
3. The heat will dry the paper web.
Упражнение № 5. Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Предложения переведите.
1. The pulp mill must be supplied with clean chips of uniform size.
2. This pulp is to be produced by a chemical process.
3. The capacity of the screeners can be regulated according to production rate.
Упражнение № 6. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.
1. The paper industry dates from the beginning of the Christian era. It was Ts’ai Lun, a Chinese minister of agriculture, who invented the first paper in 105 AD. He beat silk and mulberry bark together and screened the fibers from water with a bamboo mold. This technique was refined by the Chinese and kept as a secret until the 8th century when it eventually spread to Arabs and was used in Samarkand.
2. The art of papermaking then spread through Central Asia, Asia Minor and Egypt into Europe where it established by 1400. During this period the basic techniques remained unchanged. Fiber from many different sources were separated and suspended in a vat of water. A screen was dipped into the water, lifted out, separating the fibers from the water. After the sheet of paper was formed, it was pressed between felts and placed on a smooth surface to dry.
3. Many developments increased the production rate of papermaking, but the most important was the invention of papermaking machines around 1800. From that date to the present, the same techniques have been made more efficient, but not substantially changed from Ts’ai Lun’s original concepts.
4. The development of the paper manufacturing is closely parallel to the development of Western civilization. Paper became an integral part of the development of our culture.
Упражнение № 7. Выпишите из 3-го абзаца текста предложение, содержащее прилагательное в одной из степеней сравнения.
Упражнение № 8. Прочитайте 2-ой абзац текста. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос.
Did the manufacture of paper change over the years as compared with Ts’ai Lun technique?
1. It changed fundamentally.
2. It did not change at all.
3. The basic techniques invented by Ts’ai Lun remained unchanged.
Контрольная работа 2
Упражнение № 1. Перепишите предложения, определите в них залог и временные формы глаголов. Укажите их инфинитивы. Переведите предложения.
1. The chlorine stage is followed by bleaching with sodium hypochlorite.
2. Waste wood is usually passed to the boiler house by conveyors.
3. The press section was equipped with two new presses.
Упражнение № 2. Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните в них причастия и определите их функцию. Предложения переведите.
1. The fibers clinging to the wire surface are carried out of the water.
2. All the substances contained in the wood are retained.
3. The knife enters the log cutting and splitting it at the same time.
Упражнение № 3. Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните в них герундий и определите его функцию. Предложения переведите.
1. Small chippers are used for converting wood waste from sawmills into chips.
2. Mechanical pulping can be achieved by grinding or refining.
3. The cost of collecting and sorting the waste paper is great.
Упражнение № 4. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните инфинитив, укажите его функцию. Предложения переведите.
1. The stock is screened and cleaned to remove any dirt.
2. The size of the logs to be handled in a drum barker needs to be controlled.
3. To achieve good results is possible at the present stage.
Упражнение № 5. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.
Chemical process
1. In the chemical paper making process, wood fibers are separated from their lignin binder by cooking chips in any of the chemical solutions. The most
common chemical processes are: the sulfite process, the sulfate process and the soda process.
2. Paper made from hardwoods by the soda process has good printing qualities. Hardwood fibers are much shorter than softwood fibers. When pulped by this process and mixed with longer fibers, hardwoods make high quality magazine and book papers.
3. The sulfite process is not so popular now. The sulfate process was originally used mainly for the pulping of softwoods, especially pine. Now this process is used in pulping both softwoods and hardwoods for papers which are used for wrappings, bags and other durable papers requiring strength.
4. No matter which of the chemical processes is used, wood pulp requires additional treatment, washing, screening and sometimes bleaching before it can be converted into paper. Washing removes left-over chemicals and non-fibrous substances. Screening removes dirt, uncooked or unbroken pieces of wood and separates fibers according to size. Bleaching gives pulp the desirable degree of whiteness.
Упражнение № 6. Прочитайте 2-ой абзац, выпишите из него причастия (Participle II) в роли определения и обстоятельства. Переведите их.
Упражнение № 7. Прочитайте 4-ый абзац, перепишите вопрос и письменно ответьте на него:
What are the functions of washing, screening and bleaching?
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