Санкт-Петербургский государственный технологический институт (технический университет)

Минобрнауки России
Федеральное государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования
Санкт-Петербургский государственный технологический институт
(технический университет)
Кафедра иностранных языков
И.В. Лобода, С.Б. Теремязева
Английский язык
для студентов заочной формы обучения механического факультета
Методические указания
Санкт-Петербург
2012

Стоимость выполнения контрольной работы по английскому языку уточняйте при заказе.
Выполнены следующие работы (стоимость готового уточняйте):

Вариант 3

I. Translate the following text using a dictionary.
THE HEATING EFFECT OF AN ELECTRIC CURRENT
Whenever a current is flowing through a conductor, there is always some opposition to its flow because of the fact that electrons or ions, if the conductor is electrolytic, will collide with each other as well as with the ions or molecules of the conductor. The energy which is supplied by the generator or battery in order to overcome this opposition is known to be transformed into heat within the conductor. The heat produced per second depends both upon the resistance of the conductor and upon the amount of the current flowing through it.
If some current flows through a thin wire and then the same amount of current is sent through a thicker one, a different amount of heat will be developed in both these wires. When the current is passed through the wire which is too thin to carry it freely, that is, the wire whose resistance offers greater opposition to its flow, more electric energy will be converted into heat than in the case of the thick wire carrying a small current. (1100 п. зн.)

II. Translate the following sentences:
1. On being heated magnetized steel will lose its magnetism because heating makes the molecules move around rapidly and expands the metal.
2. The voltage being increased, the field becomes strong to cause the electrons to produce additional ions by collision.
3. To measure the current strength and the voltage is not difficult.
4. The current is known to flow when the circuit is complete.
5. The farad is too large a unit to be used for practical work.
6. Landing on a planet is a problem to be solved in the nearest future.
7. The idea of using machines for purposes of teaching is of great importance.
8. His research followed by a report resulted in a new discussion.
9. This aircraft has proved to be very useful for pilots’ training.
10. The breaking of the circuit causes the magnetic field to disappear.

Дата выполнения: 20/01/2014

Вариант 4

I. Translate the following text using a dictionary.
HOW TO GENERATE ELECTRIC CURRENT
… To produce a current by thermal action heat is applied to two unlike metals soldered together in two points. The apparatus which causes such a current to be generated is called a thermo-electric couple or thermocouple for short. The reason the thermocouple generates a current is due to the fact that the heat makes the electrons tear off of the negatively charged metal at the point of joint. It is these electrons that form the current flowing through the circuit. Now there exist semi-conductor thermo-elements which without any machinery allow thermal energy to be converted into electrical energy. Falling on a special kind of cell, light can cause an electric current to flow. The device making use of this phenomenon so as to produce electricity is called a photoelectric cell.
Finally, to generate a current by magnetic action, a wire is made to pass through a magnetic field, the latter being set up either by a permanent magnet or an electromagnet, the devices which make the electric current be generated in this way are called ―magneto‖ and ―dynamo‖ machines. (1100 п. зн.)

II. Translate the following sentences:
1. This kind of electrolyte used has no effect on the electromotive force.
2. Further analyses have proved these particles to be doubly charged helium atoms.
3. Being designed with the help of transistors electronic devices consume little power.
4. One of the most valuable uses of ultra-violet rays in industry is testing the quality of equipment.
5. The image being televised is picked up by the TV camera.
6. Our purpose is to determine the effect of X-rays on this substance.
7. The instrument for measuring the temperature of hot flowing metals is similar to that used in our laboratory.
8. Comparing the data obtained by our tests is the only means of solving this problem.
9. Having invented the lightning conductor, Franklin continued working at the problem of atmospheric electricity.
10. Experiments showing the changes in substances are very important for industry.

Дата выполнения: 20/01/2014

Урок 1

I. Ответьте на вопросы:
1. Does a physical body have length, width and height?
2. What are the dimensions of a body?
3. May the dimensions of one body be different from the corresponding dimensions of another body?
4. What can we do if we want to know the size of a body?
5. What do we do in order to measure the size of a body?
6. What system of weights and measures have most countries accepted?
7. What is the unit of measure in the metric system?
8. Has the metric system become universal in scientific work?

II. Вставьте пропущенные слова: Length, width, height, dimensions, body, size, to measure, metric.
1. The dimensions of a body are …, … and … .
2. The length and height of a … are its dimensions.
3. The width of a body is one of its … .
4. In order to know the size of a body we can … it.
5. We can compare the … of different bodies.
6. The … system is universally accepted.

III. Переведите на английский язык:
Физическое тело; длина, ширина, высота; размер; измерения; измерять; отличаться от; сравнивать; единица измерения; метрическая система.

IV. Определите времена глагола и переведите на русский язык следующие предложения:
1. We know that every body has length, width and height. 2. Most countries have accepted the metric system of weights and measures. 3. When the students were measuring the length of an object they took meter as a unit of measure. 4. They had already repaired the machine when I offered my help. 5. I will tell you the dimensions of this body as soon as I have measured it. 6. Have you measured this body? Do you know its dimensions? 7. In text №3 we shall deal with the weight of a body. 8. We carried on an important scientific work last year.

V. Переведите на английский язык следующие предложения:
1. Студенты изучали этот предмет в прошлом году. 2. Они уже измерили это тело. 3. Они сейчас проводят эксперимент. 4. Мы скоро будем изучать эту тему. 5. Он всегда помогает своему другу.

Дата выполнения: 09/01/2014

Урок 2

I. Ответьте на вопросы:
1. Do all bodies which are located on the earth have weight?
2. What is often spoken of?
3. Does everybody understand the precise meaning of the term ―weight‖?
4. Is it known that objects fall downwards to the earth?
5. Why do the bodies fall?
6. When will this well known fact be referred to?
7. What force pulls a body downwards?
8. What forces are all bodies acted upon?
9. Are all objects pulled downwards to the earth?

II. Вставьте пропущенные слова: Bodies, pulls, forces, precise, meaning, weight, objects.
1. All … have weight.
2. The … of a body is often spoken of.
3. Some people do not really understand the … … of the term ―weight‖.
4. It is known that … fall downwards to the earth.
5. The earth … to itself all bodies which are located on it.
6. All bodies are acted upon by gravitational … .

III. Переведите на английский язык:
Тело; предмет; вес; притягивать; падать; земля; точное значение; масса; сила тяжести.

IV. Определите времена глагола и переведите на русский язык следующие предложения:
1. All bodies which are located on earth have weight. 2. The weight of a body is often spoken of. 3. All bodies are pulled by the earth. 4. Gram has been accepted as the unit of weight. 5. It is known that the unit of volume is the volume of a cube. 6. The metric system is being widely used now. 7. Length, width and height are called the dimensions of a body. 8. The precise meaning of the term ―weight‖ will be defined in the next text.

V. Сравните предложения:
1. a) We measure length in centimeters. b) Length is measured in centimeters. 2. a) Most countries have accepted the metric system. b) The metric system has been almost universally accepted. 3. a) They compared the dimensions of the objects. b) The dimensions of two bodies were compared.

Дата выполнения: 09/01/2014

Урок 5

ELASTICITY
Pulling a rubber band increases its length. However, if we cease pulling it and release one of its ends, the rubber band will quickly return to its original shape and size. Solids in greatly differing degrees resist being changed in shape, i.e. resist deformation. Some of them, like a rubber band or a steel spring, are called elastic because they return to their original size and shape after having been stretched or compressed. Others are known as elastic because they straighten after having been bent. Gases and liquids are perfectly elastic. In spite of their having been compressed they return to their original volume after the removing of the applied force. Air, for instance, is perfectly elastic. If it is compressed and then allowed to return to its original pressure and temperature, it returns exactly to its original volume. We may define an elastic body as one tending to return to its original shape and size when the deforming force is removed. On the contrary, bodies that are not very elastic do not show the tendency of returning to their original form. Thus, elasticity is the tendency to return to the original condition after deformation.

I. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:
1. What does pulling a rubber band increase?
2. What will happen if we cease pulling it?
3. Why a rubber band or a steel spring is called elastic?
4. Are gases and liquids elastic?
5. And what about air? Is it elastic?
6. How can we define an elastic body?
7. So, what is elasticity?

II. Переведите на английский язык следующие слова и словосочетания и запомните их:
Однако; между; сравнительно; наконец; затем; несмотря на; потому что; то есть; как и; после того, как; другой; как, например; такой, как…; больше не; до тех пор, пока.

III. Образуйте пары синонимов следующих слов:
To apply, action, shape, to use, to come back, effect, form, various, to return, state, varying, condition, to cease, quickly, very, to stop, to call, fast, at last, because, greatly, instead, since, to define, condition, to determine, body, finally, object.

IV. Переведите на английский язык следующие слова:
Длинный, длина; сопротивляться, сопротивление; устойчивый; изменяться, изменение, изменчивый; постоянный; иметь склонность, стремление; деформировать, деформация, деформированный; применять, применение, применяемый; эксперимент, экспериментировать.

V. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на герундиальную конструкцию.
1. The students didn’t know of their specimen having been measured before. 2. We were informed of their experiment having been successfully performed. 3. In spite of its having been compressed the gas returns to its original volume as soon as the applied force is removed. 4. Their doing this experiment at once is very important. 5. Speaking of thermometers, one must make reference to the pyrometer. We know of the latter being used for measuring temperatures that are too high for mercury thermometers. We also know of its finding a wide application in industry. 6. In certain cases friction becomes a helpful necessity instead of being a difficulty causing only wear and losses. 7. The machine broke on account of its having been made of brittle material. 8. We know of copper being used as a conductor owing to its suitable characteristics.

Итоговое задание.
Переведите следующие предложения:
1. Some solids instead of being plastic are brittle. 2. Any body which is capable of doing work possesses energy. 3. Increasing the velocity of molecules can be accomplished by raising the temperature. 4. Due to its being simple and convenient, the metric system is adopted in most countries of the world. 5. Being very sensitive to temperature changes, Galileo’s air thermometer was not sensitive at all to changes of atmospheric pressure. 6. We spend energy in lifting the object. 7. By adding heat we cause a greater motion of the molecules. 8. One cannot transform water into steam without heating it. 9. The barometer is an instrument for determining atmospheric pressure. 10. On studying the nature of that new phenomenon, they were not satisfied with the results obtained and started testing various engines. 11. His having obtained good results was a great success.

Дата выполнения: 20/04/2015

Урок 6

Mass
The term «mass» refers to that property of matter which in everyday language is described by the word «inertia». We know from experience that an object at rest will never start to move by itself – a push or a pull must be exerted on it by some other body. In more technical language, an external force is required to accelerate the body, and the force is said to be needed because the body has inertia.
It is also a well known fact that a force is required to slow down or to stop a body which is already in motion, and that a sidewise force must be exerted on a moving body to deviate it from a straight line. In these cases the force is known to be necessary because the body has inertia.
In every case the body is accelerated. The inertia is considered to be that property of matter because of which a force must be exerted on a body in order to accelerate it.
To have a numerical value of the inertia of a body, we take as a standard some body whose inertia is taken as unity, and state the inertia of all other bodies in terms of this standard. The inertia of a body, when stated in this quantitative way, is called its mass. Mass is a quantitative measure of inertia.
The mass of a body is an invariant property of the body, independent of its velocity, acceleration, position on the earth’s surface it differs from the weight of the body, which varies with position and elevation.

1. Ответьте на вопросы:
1. What property of matter does the term «mass» refer to?
2. Will an object at rest start to move by itself?
3. What kind of force is required to accelerate, to slow down or to stop the body?
4. Why is the external force necessary in all these cases just mentioned?
5. What is the inertia of a body?
6. What is the mass of a body?
7. What is the difference between the mass and the weight of the body?

2. Определите, к каким частям речи относятся следующие слова:
property, describe, experience, object, technical, acceleration, force, motion, accelerate, external, unity, quantitative, measure, necessary.

3. Переведите не английский язык:
ссылаться, свойство, вещество, предмет (тело), двигаться, требовать, ускорять, сила, движение, инерция, эталон, единица, мера.

4. Переведите на русский язык:
at rest, by itself, an external force, a moving body, in these cases, in order to, a numerical value, in terms of.

5. Переведите и определите функцию инфинитива:
1. The mechanical systems are often too simple to be of any practical interest.
2. To drive machines requires power.
3. To observe is the primary rule of any experiment.
4. An electric current is known to be a stream of electrons in motion.
5. When the currents to be detected and measured are very small, one should use a galvanometer.
6. To stop the flow of current is to break the circuit in some point.
7. Various switches are generally used to open or close the circuits.
8. A battery is the simplest device to produce direct current.
9. This device proved to be useful for our tests.
10. Electronic equipment is likely to find an ever growing application.
11. An electron is said to move in an orbit.
12. The bodies are said to have the same mass when they have the same weight.

Дата выполнения: 20/04/2015