Иностранный язык

Минобрнауки России
федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования
Санкт-Петербургский государственный технологический институт
(технический университет)
(СПбТИ(ТУ))
Кафедра иностранных языков
Н.А.Степанова
Химическая технология природных энергоносителей и углеродных материалов
Методические указания
(английский язык)
Санкт-Петербург
2014

Готовы следующие варианты контрольных работ:

1-st term К.р. 2

Text 2
Combustion and Energy Release
Combustion involves combinations of the fuel with oxygen. Thus,
C + O₂ = CO₂
CH₄ + 2O₂ = CO₂+ 2H₂O
The basic reaction of our burning of carbon is the basis of our largest energy source - fossil fuels of various types, including coal , natural gas, and oil. Recall the energy in these bonds came originally from the solar energy captured by plants and then “processed” for millions of years (transformed over millions of years) under the pressure in the Earth.
Coal is mainly carbon, water, some hydrogen, and oxygen. There are many different kinds of coal. In addition to hydrogen and oxygen, coal also contains some small amounts of nitrogen, sulfur, and some other minerals. Most of the carbon in coal is bound so that here is only one C-C bond for every C atom. Thus, for calculating the energy release of C + O₂ = CO₂ in the case of coal, one assumes only the breaking of one C-C bond. As coal contains other ingredients, it works out that the actual yield of 1 Kg of coal is about 700 kcal. The contribution of CO₂ to global change is one of fundamental problems of our fossil fuels.
Aliphatic hydrocarbons are the basis of oil and natural gas. All saturated hydrocarbons react with oxygen at high temperatures to form carbon dioxide and water, and give off energy. This oxidation reaction is the basis of internal combustion engine. Gasoline normally contains hydrocarbons from C₆ to C₁₈, a mixture of over 100 compounds.
An example reaction of the combustion of a hydrocarbon is: C₇H₁₇ + 11CO₂ = 7CO₂ + 8H₂O + energy

1. Match English words with their Russian equivalents.

combustion	природный газ
the basis	связь
bond	разрыв
plant	компонент
breaking	углеводород
ingredient	насыщенный
yield	растение
aliphatic	горение
saturated	основа
hydrocarbon	выход

2. Match the words with similar meaning from column A and B.

A	B
combustion	to include
type	link
various	quality
to capture	to combine
kind	burning
amount	in the event
every	to absorb
to give off	different
in addition to	hence
to react	each
amount	to liberate
in case	to change
to transform	largely
mainly	besides

3. Fill in the gaps using words from the box and then translate the sentences into Russian.

combustion      oil         reserves        source        bond          fossil          fuels             hydrocarbon

1. Natural gas is composed of mixture of the four short ___________ molecules.
2. ______________ include coal, natural gas, and oil.
3. Burning( or a __________ reaction) consists of combining with oxygen at high temperatures.
4. The amount of energy released when a ________ is formed between atoms is called bond energy.
5. It has taken about 600 mln years for the world’s oil __________ to be formed.
6. It is probable that ________ production is currently at or very near its peak.
7. Crude oil can be used as an energy _________ or as chemical feed stock.

4.Translate the following sentences from English into Russian paying attention to the meaning of the word one.
1.There is only one C-C bond for every carbon atom in coal.
2.One assumes the breaking C-C bond in the case of coal.
3.One of the fundamental problems of fossil fuels is air pollution.
4.One must know that combustion involves combination of fuel with oxygen.
5.One can consider aliphatic hydrocarbon as the basis of oil and natural gas.
6. One should distinguish different types of coal.
7. This reaction is also exothermic as that one
8. One fifth of air by volume is oxygen.

5.Define the part of speech.
Nature, natural, pressurize, pressure, difference, differ, different, add, additional, addition, amount, calculate,(the) calculating, break,(the) breaking, actual,actuality,gaseous,saturate,saturation,oxidation,oxidize,oxide,reaction, reactive,react.

6. Complete the expressions with correct form of the word in bold.
1. various types _________ of methods
2.sources of energy an __________ person
3. under pressure __________ water
4. the basis of the theory the __________ argument
5.natural gas the laws of __________
6.saturated hydrocarbons _________ of market
7.react with oxygen _________ of combustion
8.different kind ________ in properties
9.burning of fuels _________ black
10.breaking of chemical bonds coffee _________
11.calculating the energy a result _______
12.to form carbon dioxide the ________ of a new compound

7. Answer the following questions.
1. Due to what reaction all saturated hydrocarbon are used for supplying energy?
2. What are our largest energy source?
3. What can you say about the process of creation energy sources?
4. What is the chemical composition of coal?
5. What compounds are the basis of oil and natural gas?

8. Translate into English.
1.Ископаемые виды топлива включают уголь, нефть и природный газ.
2.Помимо водорода и азота уголь также содержит небольшое количество азота, серы и других минеральных веществ.
3.Разрыв связи С-С сопровождается выделением энергии.
4.Вклад СО₂ в глобальное изменение климата является одной из основных проблем ископаемого топлива.
5.Бензин ( Gasoline) обычно содержит углеводороды от С₆ до С₁₈ и представляет собой смесь, содержащую больше, чем 100 соединений.

Дата выполнения: 21/12/2015

1-st term К.р. 1, 1-st term К.р. 2, 2-nd term К.р.1, 2-nd term К.р.2, 3-d term К.р.1, 3-d term К.р.2

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