Санкт-Петербургский государственный аграрный университет
Министерство сельского хозяйства РФ
Кафедра иностранных языков
Методические указания к контрольным заданиям
для студентов агробиологических и агроинженерных направлений
заочной формы обучения АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК
Санкт-Петербург
2010
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Готовы следующие варианты:
К.р.1_Вариант 2
THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
The Russian Federation is the largest country in the world. It occupies about one-seventh of the earth's surface. It covers the eastern part of Europe and the northern part of Asia. Its total area is about 17 million square kilometres. The country is washed by 12 seas of 3 oceans: the Pacific, the Arctic and the Atlantic. Russia borders on many countries.
So great variety of scenery and vegetation can be found here. We have steppes in the south, plains and forests in the midland, tundra and taiga in the north, highlands and deserts in the east.
There are two great plains in Russia: the Great Russian Plain and the West Siberian Lowland. There are several mountain chains on the territory of the country: the Urals, the Caucasus, the Altai and others. There are over two million rivers in Russia. Europe's biggest river, the Volga, flows into the Caspian Sea. The main Siberian rivers — the Ob, the Yenisei and the Lena.
Russia is rich in beautiful lakes. The world's deepest lake (1,600 metres) is Lake Baikal Russia has one-sixth of the world's forests. They are concentrated in the European north of the country, in Siberia and in the Far East. On the vast territory of the country there are various types of climate, from arctic in the north to subtropical in the south. In the middle of the country the climate is temperate and continental. Russia is very rich in oil, coal, iron, natural gas, copper, nickel and other mineral resources.
Moscow is the capital of Russia, its political, economic, commercial and cultural centre. It was founded 8 centuries ago by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky. Now Moscow is one of the largest cities in Europe. Its total area is about nine hundred square kilometres. The population of the city is over 8 million. Moscow is one of the most beautiful cities in the world. The heart of Moscow is Red Square. There are a lot of beautiful palaces, old mansions, museums, theatres, cathedrals, churches and monuments in Moscow. According to the Constitution, which was adopted by national referendum on 12 December 1991, Russia is a federation. The President is the head of state and the Prime Minister is the head of government. The Russian Federation is fundamentally structured as a representative democracy. The federal government is composed of three branches: Legislative, Executive and Judiciary.
Legislative: The Federal Assembly is made up of the State Duma and the Federation Council. It adopts federal law, declares war, approves treaties, and has power of impeachment, by which it can remove the President.
Executive: The president is the commander-in-chief of the military, can veto legislative bills before they become law, and appoints the Cabinet and other officers, who administer and enforce federal laws and policies.
Judiciary: The Constitutional Court, Supreme Court, Supreme Court of Arbitration and lower federal courts, whose judges are appointed by the Federation Council on the recommendation of the president, interpret laws and can overturn laws they deem unconstitutional.
Leading political parties in Russia include United Russia, the Communist Party, the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia, and Fair Russia.
Notes:
to occupy – занимать
surface – поверхность
total area – общая площадь
to wash – омывать
to border – граничить с
variety – разнообразие, множество
scenery – пейзаж, ландшафт
vast territory – обширная территория
head of state – глава государства
Legislative – законодательная
Executive – исполнительная
Judicial – судебная
Questions:
1. Where is the Russian Federation situated?
2. What is the total area of the country?
3. What mineral resources is the Russian Federation rich in?
4. What is the climate like in Russia?
5. When was Moscow founded?
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