Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования
Санкт-Петербургский государственный технологический университет растительных полимеров
В.В. КИРИЛЛОВА
Т.В. ЛИОРЕНЦЕВИЧ
Т.С. ШАРАПА АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК
Учебно-методическое пособие
для студентов 1 курса заочного факультета
по направлениям: «Химическая технология»,
«Технологические машины и оборудование» и
«Энерго- и ресурсосберегающие процессы в химической технологии, нефтехимии и биотехнологии»
Санкт-Петербург
2013
Выполнены все варианты:
Вариант 2
Контрольная работа 1
Упражнение № 1. Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным (цепочка существительных) и стоящих перед существительным (левое определение).
1. The mill will modify the dryer section and install a new headbox control system.
2. The stock preparation system includes several stages.
3. The mill uses several wood suppliers.
Упражнение № 2. Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык разных форм степеней сравнения прилагательных и наречий.
1. These felts are dryer than those ones.
2. Most of their work is concentrated on a new theme.
3. The drier the raw product is the better will be the end result.
Упражнение № 3. Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык слов it, one (one’s), that, these, those в разных значениях.
1. It is by automatic control on the panel that the digester cover is raised and the chip chute is lowered.
2. The drum shell consists of two sections: the first one is closed, the second one is open.
3. There are pumps that can deliver 6 % consistency pulp to the thickener.
Упражнение № 4. Перепишите предложения, определите в них временные формы глаголов, укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения.
1. The web leaves the presses and enters the dryer section.
2. Heavy particles settle to the bottom of the vat.
3. The new equipment will process wood quickly.
Упражнение № 5. Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Предложения переведите.
1. Water that is thrown back can be harmful to the sheet and has to be evacuated.
2. Saturated steam should be used in this operation.
3. The capacity of a mill can vary from 50 to over 3000 tons of paper product.
Упражнение № 6. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.
1. The introduction of wood as a source of paper-making fibers at the end of 19th century was a great success which changed the future course of the pulp and paper industry and paved the way for mass production of paper on modern high-speed machines. The availability and relatively low cost of wood compared to materials used before for paper making opened up new markets and laid the basis for the modern pulp and paper industry.
2. Now wood is the principal raw material for pulp. Pulp is the raw material of which paper, paper-board, some plastics and many other products are made. All wood consists of the same basic parts: cellulose, fibers, lignin, sugars, resins, mineral salts, and other substances. The task of the papermaker is to separate the fibers and to rearrange them in new patterns and in new combinations with other substances for making different products. This may be done by several methods: mechanical, chemical, semi-mechanical and thermo-mechanical. The method chosen depends upon the type of wood used and the requirements of the end-product.
3. Historically softwoods have been preferred to hardwoods because of their greater fiber length. Up to the present time, supplies of softwoods have been adequate for pulp demand. So the main task of the pulp industry was to improve
the pulping of softwoods. This resulted in a high level of technology in softwood pulping. The recent shortage of softwoods has made it necessary to use more hardwoods. Today they are in all pulping processes.
Пояснение к тексту: paved the way – проложила путь
Упражнение № 7. Выпишите из 3-го абзаца предложение, содержащее прилагательное в одной из степеней сравнения.
Упражнение № 8. Прочитайте 3-й абзац текста. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос.
What type of wood is used more often now in the paper manufacturing?
1. Softwood because its fiber length is greater.
2. Hardwood as well as softwood.
3. Hardwood because of the shortage of softwood.
Контрольная работа 2
Упражнение № 1. Перепишите предложения, определите в них залог и временные формы глаголов. Укажите их инфинитивы. Переведите предложения.
1. Paper market was dominated by newsprint.
2. These digesters are operated with one chip supply system.
3. The properties of the paper are affected by numerous factors.
Упражнение № 2. Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните в них причастия и определите их функцию. Предложения переведите.
1. The digester is covered with a coat consisting of cement mixed with different additives.
2. The consistency of the stock being refined is very important when determining the cutting.
Упражнение № 3. Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните в них герундий и определите его функцию. Предложения переведите.
1. The paper should be bleached without damaging its strength characteristics.
2. Extracting of water takes about an hour.
3. The general method of making paper is essentially the same for all types of machines.
Упражнение № 4. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните инфинитив, укажите его функцию. Предложения переведите.
1. To ensure a continuous flow of pulp, it is necessary to have several digesters.
2. To ensure a continuous flow of pulp is necessary to increase the output of the machine.
3. The test to be performed at our mill is of great importance.
Упражнение № 5. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.
Groundwood
1. Any process of pulp preparation begins with barking. Bark is removed in big steel cylinders called barking drums. Logs tumble against each other and as a result bark is stripped. Another common method is using powerful jets of water.
2. If bark is not removed, we get darker and dirtier pulp. The bleaching of such pulp is very difficult, but this disadvantage is overcome by greater yield of the pulp. The technology utilizing the whole tree is already known and is used at many mills.
3. But at the majority of pulp and paper mills bark is removed. After barking (in the mechanical process) the grinding stones grind logs in large quantities of water and reduce the logs to fibrous state. The composition of the mechanical pulp (groundwood) is practically identical with that of the wood. Groundwood made from fresh wood is of light yellow colour. One disadvantage of groundwood pulping is that the grinding of fibers weakens them. The pulp produced by the mechanical process is inferior to that produced by the chemical process: it is used in making those kinds of paper where the highest quality is not demanded and the price is principal consideration.
4. Mechanical pulp is much cheaper to make than any other form of paper pulp. In the first place, only about 2% of raw material is lost, as compared to 50% in the chemical processes. Secondly, there are no chemicals required. Finally, the equipment necessary for making mechanical pulp is much cheaper.
Упражнение № 6. Прочитайте 3-ий абзац. Выпишите из него причастия (Participle II) в роли определения и как часть глагольного времени.
Упражнение № 7. Прочитайте 2-ой абзац, перепишите вопрос и письменно ответьте на него:
What is the disadvantage of the presence of the bark in the groundwood?
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