Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования
Санкт-Петербургский государственный технологический университет растительных полимеров
В.В. КИРИЛЛОВА
Т.В. ЛИОРЕНЦЕВИЧ
Т.С. ШАРАПА АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК
Учебно-методическое пособие
для студентов 1 курса заочного факультета
по направлениям: «Химическая технология»,
«Технологические машины и оборудование» и
«Энерго- и ресурсосберегающие процессы в химической технологии, нефтехимии и биотехнологии»
Санкт-Петербург
2013
Выполнены все варианты:
Вариант 5
Контрольная работа 1
Упражнение № 1. Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным (цепочка существительных) и стоящих перед существительным (левое определение).
1. Fully automatic roll cleaners are used during paper production.
2. This system can perform corrections even at the roll edge.
3. The bark removal is carried out in many ways.
Упражнение № 2. Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык разных форм степеней сравнения прилагательных и наречий.
1. The largest paper machines in the world are over 10 meters wide, 100 meters long and weigh thousand of tons.
2. The more additives this pulp contains the more it is suitable for photocopier paper.
3. This new technology is more efficient than the wet process.
Упражнение № 3. Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык слов it, one (one’s), that, these, those в разных значениях.
1. One cannot imagine our life today without paper.
2. It is molecular attraction of the fibers that holds the paper sheet together.
3. The trees of the coniferous group yield long-fibred pulp, those of the deciduous group yield short-fibred pulp.
Упражнение № 4. Перепишите предложения, определите в них временные формы глаголов, укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения.
1. The actual continuous process starts with the intake of chips.
2. This equipment has tested the quality of production.
3. The digester includes three screening zones.
Упражнение № 5. Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Предложения переведите.
1. Chips have to be of uniform size.
2. The remaining lignin can be oxidized and removed.
3. Barker knives should be changed three or four times a day.
Упражнение № 6. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.
1. From ancient times, various vegetable fibers were used as raw material for papermaking. Almost all plants produce fibers, but only those which are available, rich in cellulose, easy to treat and cheap in cost are most suitable. Especially good are those plants which contain great amount of long cellulose but few binding substances which must be eliminated in the process of maceration. These materials include hemp, cotton, jute, bamboo, flax, ramie, bark of mulberry and some others. Hemp and cotton are probably the best because they give the highest yields of pure fibers.
2. The use of fresh plant fibers as raw material was apparently unknown to European papermakers when the art of papermaking was introduced in Europe in the middle of 12th century. For over 500 years after introduction, all paper of occidental origin was made from linen or cotton rags or a mixture of these second hand fibers.
3. After the beginning of the 18th century, as rags gradually became less available and were no longer economic material, European scientists looked for
substitutes in order to meet the increasing need of the paper industry. A great variety of vegetation, including hemp, bark, wood, straw, was tested though these materials had already been in use in China for many centuries. Finally, wood pulp was widely adopted and since 19th century has become the chief raw material of modern paper industry. Because of limitation of forest resources in China the wood was little utilized for paper. Even today, the use of other materials than wood is encouraged.
Упражнение № 7. Выпишите из 1-го абзаца текста предложение, содержащее прилагательное в одной из степеней сравнения.
Упражнение № 8. Прочитайте 2-й абзац текста. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос.
Why did the European papermakers use only linen or cotton rags for the manufacturing of paper?
1. There was no other raw material in Europe.
2. Linen and cotton fibers are the cheapest raw material for the paper manufacturing.
3. The Europeans did not know the use of fresh plant fibers as raw material for the paper manufacturing.
Контрольная работа 2
Упражнение № 1. Перепишите предложения, определите в них залог и временные формы глаголов. Укажите их инфинитивы. Переведите предложения.
1. Each refiner is powered by a synchronous motor.
2. The visitors were shown the most advanced production line.
3. Mention was made of special characteristics of this apparatus.
Упражнение № 2. Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните в них причастия и определите их функцию. Предложения переведите.
1. The disc is provided with three or more knives set on equal distance apart.
2. The chips are boiled with various reagents extracting the substances contained in the wood.
3. Using the new method they produced a paper of high quality.
Упражнение № 3. Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните в них герундий и определите его функцию. Предложения переведите.
1. Groundwood pulp is produced by chipping the logs and grinding the chips between discs.
2. Eliminating dirt and admixtures is the main task at this stage.
3. This method of grinding is most efficient in removing whole fibers from the wood.
Упражнение № 4. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните инфинитив, укажите его функцию. Предложения переведите.
1. The mill learned to control the emissions of unpleasant smelling gas.
2. The stock is sent through screens to remove foreign materials.
3. The basic function to be performed by the wet end of the machine is to form the web of paper.
Упражнение № 5. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.
Dry process
1. A traditional method of papermaking is called a wet process because water is an active participant of the basic sheet-forming operation. From 50 to 60 cubic meters of water are needed to manufacture one ton of paper. At present there are some other ways of paper manufacture that do not use water, one of these methods is called a dry process. The idea of paper sheet formation on the wire screen without water was realized in our country for the first time in 1930s. Since then the principle of manufacture of long fiber paper was developed.
2. Today any kind of fiber can be used to prepare pulp by the dry technology of papermaking. To produce paper sheet papermakers use various paper machines. The sheet (web) is formed in the medium of air. Fibers are introduced into a special aerodynamic chamber located above a continuously moving paper machine wire.
3. A thin layer of fiber is formed on the surface of the wire as a result of pressure difference produced by a fan from both sides of the wire former. Then a special suction device picks up the web and transfers it to another unit where some kind of binder is added to the paper sheet. The process is finally completed when the paper web is pressed out and dried by means of air jets in a drying section. This papermaking technology is more efficient than the wet process: it does not pollute the environment and does not need complicated equipment.
Упражнение № 6. Прочитайте 3-ий абзац, выпишите из него причастия (Participle II) в роли определения и как части глагольной формы. Переведите их.
Упражнение № 7. Прочитайте 1-ый абзац, перепишите вопрос и письменно ответьте на него:
Why are two methods of paper manufacturing called “wet process” and “dry process”?
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