Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования
Санкт-Петербургский государственный технологический университет растительных полимеров
В.В. КИРИЛЛОВА
Т.В. ЛИОРЕНЦЕВИЧ
Т.С. ШАРАПА АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК
Учебно-методическое пособие
для студентов 1 курса заочного факультета
по направлениям: «Химическая технология»,
«Технологические машины и оборудование» и
«Энерго- и ресурсосберегающие процессы в химической технологии, нефтехимии и биотехнологии»
Санкт-Петербург
2013
Выполнены все варианты:
Вариант 3
Контрольная работа 1
Упражнение № 1. Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным (цепочка существительных) и стоящих перед существительным (левое определение).
1. The digester is ready for chip loading.
2. The difference in water level maintains flow in the proper direction.
3. Chippers convert wood waste into chips.
Упражнение № 2. Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык разных форм степеней сравнения прилагательных и наречий.
1. Dryer felts are operated as dry as possible.
2. The new paper machine is one of the widest and fastest.
3. The more effective dewatering process is the greater dry content we obtain as a result.
Упражнение № 3. Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык слов it, one (one’s), that, these, those в разных значениях.
1. One can see the paper products everywhere.
2. Board is a laminated material. It may consist of two to seven layers.
3. These experiments are more difficult than those in our laboratory.
Упражнение № 4. Перепишите предложения, определите в них временные формы глаголов, укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения.
1. This plant will install a new press section.
2. The modification increased the machine speed.
3. The cellulose forms the walls of the cell.
Упражнение № 5. Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Предложения переведите.
1. Photocopier paper is to have excellent brightness.
2. The chips should be packed together as closely as possible.
3. Special kinds of board may be manufactured from waste paper.
Упражнение № 6. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.
1. Man has always had a strong wish to express his thoughts in written form and in pictures. But he has not always had a satisfactory material on which to do this. The primitive man drew pictures on the walls of his cave. The ancient Babylonians, who lived in the land we call Iraq, wrote messages on heavy clay tablets and carried them from place to place. The Egyptians wrote on strips of a native plant called papyrus from which the modern paper gets its name. The Persians split the skins of animals, soaked them, scraped smooth, dried them, and made parchment.
2. In China, in 105 AD a young scholar named Ts’ai Lun added something new in the paper making progress. At this time the Chinese used silk and bamboo as writing material. Ts’ai Lun began to experiment with the inner bark of the mulberry tree. He transformed this material into pulp and added water. The mixture dried in the form of flat fiber sheets on which messages could be written. It was the first real paper.
3. The knowledge of papermaking was a secret closely guarded by the Chinese for several centuries. But eventually it spread to the Arabs. It reached Europe by about the twelfth century. By this time, rags were used for pulp instead of mulberry bark, but every sheet of paper was still made by hand. Only in 1799 the first machine for making a continuous sheet was invented by Robert in France.
Упражнение № 7. Прочитайте 2-й абзац текста. Выпишите неправильные глаголы в форме Past Simple. Дайте их инфинитив.
Упражнение № 8. Прочитайте 1-й абзац текста. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос.
What material did the Egyptians use to write?
1. They wrote on the walls of the caves.
2. They wrote on parchment.
3. They wrote on papyrus.
Контрольная работа 2
Упражнение № 1. Перепишите предложения, определите в них залог и временные формы глаголов. Укажите их инфинитивы. Переведите предложения.
1. Special attention was given to water cleaning.
2. The strength of the paper is positively affected by increased refining.
3. The tanks were used to accumulate sulfur dioxide gas.
Упражнение № 2. Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните в них причастия и определите их функцию. Предложения переведите.
1. Wire-covered cylinders revolve in vats containing fibers suspended in water.
2. The drum is rotated causing the logs to tumble over one another.
3. The barking is accomplished in long cylindrical steel drums known as barking drums.
Упражнение № 3. Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните в них герундий и определите его функцию. Предложения переведите.
1. These pulping processes cannot remove all the lignin without degrading the carbohydrate fraction.
2. Maintaining a constant load on the stone is important.
3. Reducing the raw material to the fibrous state is carried out by mechanical or semi-mechanical means.
Упражнение № 4. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните инфинитив, укажите его функцию. Предложения переведите.
1. Any chemicals to be applied to the web are found in special devices on the calender stack.
2. The stock has to be introduced into the tank under the washing drum.
3. By the end of the 19th century, wood cellulose began to be used as a raw material for making artificial fibers.
Упражнение № 5. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.
Semi-chemical process
1. Semi-chemical process of making wood pulp combines mechanical and chemical methods. It was developed particularly for the pulping of hardwoods and has many variations. The pulpwood chips are cooked in a mild chemical solution and the fibers are separated mechanically. Semi-chemical pulps are used in making corrugated paper boards and other items.
2. In each of the chemical methods logs must be chipped before they are cooked. Rotating knives cut off chips and a conveyor belt carries them either to storage
or to the digesters. These digesters operate on the same principle as a kitchen pressure cooker. Wood chips in chemical solution are cooked with steam, until reduced to wet pulpy mass. It is this cooking which dissolves the resins and lignin and causes the fibers to separate.
3. The digester is a cylindrical vessel with top and bottom conical heads. It is mounted in vertical position on four support columns. The upper charging pipe is provided with an easily removable mechanized cover. For preventing clogging of the circulation system, the digester has three screening zones. The digester equipment also includes a steam chip packer, a collector for digester washing and a special collector for pulp washing out.
Упражнение № 6. Прочитайте 1-ый абзац, выпишите глаголы в пассивном залоге и переведите их.
Упражнение № 7. Прочитайте 3-ий абзац, перепишите вопрос и письменно ответьте на него:
What does the digester equipment include?
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